FINAL EXAM REVIEW FOR BIO 109 -
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
B cells and T cells that do not immediately attack pathogens, but instead remain
inactive until a future encounter with the pathogen, are referred to as
A) leukocyte reservoir cells
B) memory B and T cells
C) stem B and T cells
D) residual lymphocytes
E) MHC factors - ANSWER-B) memory B and T cells
When a B cell or T cell encounters an antigen for which it has an antigen receptor,
the B or T cell will divide repeatedly to make copies of itself. The process is called
A) metastasis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) clonal selection
E) antigen presentation - ANSWER-D) clonal selection
Helper T cells
A) find pathogens hidden within cells
B) lyse (break open) the cell wall of pathogens to promote apoptosis
C) help activate B cell and T cells to undergo clonal selection and proliferation
D) make capillaries leaky to assist the exit of neutrophils from the blood
E) turn the cytotoxic T cells when they encounter a B cell in antigen presentation
mode - ANSWER-C) help activate B cell and T cells to undergo clonal selection and
proliferation
The term _______ disease refers to an disease where the immune system attacks
particular molecules of the individual's own body (loss of self-tolerance).
A) self-directed
B) autoimmune
C) malignant
D) immunodeficiency
E) immunorejection - ANSWER-B) autoimmune
The type of cell that is attacked by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in AIDS
victims, is the
A) helper T cells
B) memory T cells
C) accountant T cells
,D) killer T cells
E) plasma T cells - ANSWER-A) helper T cells
How is it possible for each person to produce more than 1 million different B cells
and 10 million different T cells when there are only 20,500 protein coding genes in
the human genome?
A) alternative splicing of exons after transcription
B) increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules
C) DNA rearrangements followed by alternative splicing of the transcripts
D) DNA rearrangements in the thymus cell
E) crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecules
during meiosis I - ANSWER-C) DNA rearrangements followed by alternative splicing
of the transcripts
The four principle types of tissues are
A) muscle, nervous skeletal, connective
B) epithelial, skeletal, connective, reticular,
C) connective, skeletal, epithelial, nervous
D) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
E) blood, bone, nervous, epithelial - ANSWER-D) epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
Epithelia are classified on the basis of
A) cell size and shape of cells at the apical surface
B) shape of cells at the apical surface and secretions of cells
C) number of cell layers and shape of cells at the apical surface
D) number of cell layers and cell size
E) none of the above - ANSWER-C) number of cell layers and shape of cells at the
apical surface
Choosing from the following list of connective tissues, which consists of cells in a
fluid matrix?
A) loose connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) bone
D) blood
E) cartilage - ANSWER-D)
blood consists of cells in a fluid matrix
Homeostatic mechanisms
A) keep variables exactly at the set point
B) help to keep a relatively constant internal environment in the body
C) act to keep values out of the normal range
D) usually operate by positive feedback
,E) produce most disease conditions - ANSWER-B) help to keep a relatively constant
internal environment in the body
A _________ is an animal that has a relatively variable body temperature, whereas
__________ is an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature.
A) endotherm; ectotherm
B) ectotherm; endotherm
C) homeotherm; poikilotherm
D) poikilotherm; homeotherm
E) ectotherm; poikilotherm - ANSWER-D)
poikilotherms have a relatively variable body temperature
homeotherms maintain a relatively stable temperature
___________ is the transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external
fluid that is moving (i.e. water or air)
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Radiation
E) none of the above - ANSWER-B)
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external fluid
that is moving
A major means for conserving heat is
A) enhanced sweating
B) increased convective loss
C) increased metabolic rate
D) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
E) vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels - ANSWER-D)
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels is a major means of conserving heat
Which of the following is not one of the four steps that a nephron uses to carry out its
function?
A) filtration
B) reabsorption
C) excretion
D) selection
E) secretion - ANSWER-D) selection
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of water by stimulating
A) the active transport of water
B) the active transport of chloride
C) the active transport of sodium
D) the permeability of the collecting ducts to water
, E) the permeability of the collecting ducts to sodium - ANSWER-D) the permeability
of the collecting ducts to water
As filtrate moves down the loops of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid has a
_____ osmolality than the filtrate, so ______leaves(s) the filtrate.
A) higher, water
B) lesser, urea
C) higher, urea
D) lesser, water
E) lesser, water and urea - ANSWER-A) higher, water
The more concentrated the urine that a mammal can produce, the longer are its
A) glomeruli
B) proximal convoluted tubules
C) loops of Henle
D) Bowman's capsules
E) Malpighian tubules - ANSWER-C) loops of Henle
The part of the kidney that is least permeable to water is the walls of the
A) collecting duct
B) ascending limb
C) glomerulus
D) descending limb
E) Bowman's capsule - ANSWER-B) ascending limb
Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in what portion of the
nephron?
A) proximal convoluted tubules
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle
C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D) distal convoluted tubules
E) collecting tubules - ANSWER-A) proximal convoluted tubules
Essential nutrients
A) can be produced from the other organic molecules by the liver
B) are required for every metabolic process in the body
C) cannot be synthesized in the body
D) include most carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats
E) are required in very low amounts - ANSWER-C) cannot be synthesized in the
body
Vitamins are classified based on
A) whether they affect carbohydrates or proteins
B) how much they are required
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
B cells and T cells that do not immediately attack pathogens, but instead remain
inactive until a future encounter with the pathogen, are referred to as
A) leukocyte reservoir cells
B) memory B and T cells
C) stem B and T cells
D) residual lymphocytes
E) MHC factors - ANSWER-B) memory B and T cells
When a B cell or T cell encounters an antigen for which it has an antigen receptor,
the B or T cell will divide repeatedly to make copies of itself. The process is called
A) metastasis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) clonal selection
E) antigen presentation - ANSWER-D) clonal selection
Helper T cells
A) find pathogens hidden within cells
B) lyse (break open) the cell wall of pathogens to promote apoptosis
C) help activate B cell and T cells to undergo clonal selection and proliferation
D) make capillaries leaky to assist the exit of neutrophils from the blood
E) turn the cytotoxic T cells when they encounter a B cell in antigen presentation
mode - ANSWER-C) help activate B cell and T cells to undergo clonal selection and
proliferation
The term _______ disease refers to an disease where the immune system attacks
particular molecules of the individual's own body (loss of self-tolerance).
A) self-directed
B) autoimmune
C) malignant
D) immunodeficiency
E) immunorejection - ANSWER-B) autoimmune
The type of cell that is attacked by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in AIDS
victims, is the
A) helper T cells
B) memory T cells
C) accountant T cells
,D) killer T cells
E) plasma T cells - ANSWER-A) helper T cells
How is it possible for each person to produce more than 1 million different B cells
and 10 million different T cells when there are only 20,500 protein coding genes in
the human genome?
A) alternative splicing of exons after transcription
B) increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules
C) DNA rearrangements followed by alternative splicing of the transcripts
D) DNA rearrangements in the thymus cell
E) crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecules
during meiosis I - ANSWER-C) DNA rearrangements followed by alternative splicing
of the transcripts
The four principle types of tissues are
A) muscle, nervous skeletal, connective
B) epithelial, skeletal, connective, reticular,
C) connective, skeletal, epithelial, nervous
D) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
E) blood, bone, nervous, epithelial - ANSWER-D) epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
Epithelia are classified on the basis of
A) cell size and shape of cells at the apical surface
B) shape of cells at the apical surface and secretions of cells
C) number of cell layers and shape of cells at the apical surface
D) number of cell layers and cell size
E) none of the above - ANSWER-C) number of cell layers and shape of cells at the
apical surface
Choosing from the following list of connective tissues, which consists of cells in a
fluid matrix?
A) loose connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) bone
D) blood
E) cartilage - ANSWER-D)
blood consists of cells in a fluid matrix
Homeostatic mechanisms
A) keep variables exactly at the set point
B) help to keep a relatively constant internal environment in the body
C) act to keep values out of the normal range
D) usually operate by positive feedback
,E) produce most disease conditions - ANSWER-B) help to keep a relatively constant
internal environment in the body
A _________ is an animal that has a relatively variable body temperature, whereas
__________ is an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature.
A) endotherm; ectotherm
B) ectotherm; endotherm
C) homeotherm; poikilotherm
D) poikilotherm; homeotherm
E) ectotherm; poikilotherm - ANSWER-D)
poikilotherms have a relatively variable body temperature
homeotherms maintain a relatively stable temperature
___________ is the transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external
fluid that is moving (i.e. water or air)
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Radiation
E) none of the above - ANSWER-B)
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external fluid
that is moving
A major means for conserving heat is
A) enhanced sweating
B) increased convective loss
C) increased metabolic rate
D) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
E) vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels - ANSWER-D)
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels is a major means of conserving heat
Which of the following is not one of the four steps that a nephron uses to carry out its
function?
A) filtration
B) reabsorption
C) excretion
D) selection
E) secretion - ANSWER-D) selection
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of water by stimulating
A) the active transport of water
B) the active transport of chloride
C) the active transport of sodium
D) the permeability of the collecting ducts to water
, E) the permeability of the collecting ducts to sodium - ANSWER-D) the permeability
of the collecting ducts to water
As filtrate moves down the loops of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid has a
_____ osmolality than the filtrate, so ______leaves(s) the filtrate.
A) higher, water
B) lesser, urea
C) higher, urea
D) lesser, water
E) lesser, water and urea - ANSWER-A) higher, water
The more concentrated the urine that a mammal can produce, the longer are its
A) glomeruli
B) proximal convoluted tubules
C) loops of Henle
D) Bowman's capsules
E) Malpighian tubules - ANSWER-C) loops of Henle
The part of the kidney that is least permeable to water is the walls of the
A) collecting duct
B) ascending limb
C) glomerulus
D) descending limb
E) Bowman's capsule - ANSWER-B) ascending limb
Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in what portion of the
nephron?
A) proximal convoluted tubules
B) descending limb of the loop of Henle
C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D) distal convoluted tubules
E) collecting tubules - ANSWER-A) proximal convoluted tubules
Essential nutrients
A) can be produced from the other organic molecules by the liver
B) are required for every metabolic process in the body
C) cannot be synthesized in the body
D) include most carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats
E) are required in very low amounts - ANSWER-C) cannot be synthesized in the
body
Vitamins are classified based on
A) whether they affect carbohydrates or proteins
B) how much they are required
