NUR 529 EXAM 2 BLUEPRINT
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Blood Flow Pathway Through the Heart ✅✅ANSW-Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary
Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta → Systemic
Circulation.
Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function (SNS) ✅✅ANSW-Increases HR, contractility.
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) ✅✅ANSW-Decreases HR via vagus nerve.
Blood Pressure Regulation - Short-term ✅✅ANSW-Baroreceptors, autonomic nervous system,
RAAS system.
Blood Pressure Regulation - Long-term ✅✅ANSW-Kidney regulation of sodium and water
balance.
Acute Pericarditis ✅✅ANSW-Causes: Viral infections (most common), myocardial infarction,
uremia, autoimmune disorders.
Rheumatic Heart Disease ✅✅ANSW-Most Serious Aspect: Valvular damage (especially mitral
stenosis).
Mitral Valve Disorders - Stenosis ✅✅ANSW-Narrowing of the valve opening, obstructing blood
flow.
Mitral Valve Disorders - Regurgitation ✅✅ANSW-Valve fails to close, causing backflow.
Right-Sided Heart Failure ✅✅ANSW-Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly.
, Left-Sided Heart Failure ✅✅ANSW-Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, crackles.
Heart Failure Management - Precipitating Conditions ✅✅ANSW-Hypertension, MI,
cardiomyopathy.
Heart Failure Management - Acute Treatment ✅✅ANSW-Diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes.
Heart Failure Management - Long-term ✅✅ANSW-Lifestyle changes, sodium restriction, ACE
inhibitors, beta-blockers.
Cardiac Cachexia ✅✅ANSW-Severe weight loss, muscle wasting due to chronic heart failure.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ✅✅ANSW-Highest risk in young athletes.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus ✅✅ANSW-Failure of fetal duct closure, detected in infancy.
Tetralogy of Fallot ✅✅ANSW-Cyanosis, 'tet' spells (hypoxic episodes).
Epiglottitis ✅✅ANSW-Emergency, airway obstruction risk.
Bronchiolitis (RSV) ✅✅ANSW-Affects small airways, common in infants.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) ✅✅ANSW-Diagnosed via chest X-ray, treated with
antibiotics.
Types of Respiratory Failure ✅✅ANSW-Hypoxemic, Hypercapnic.
Restrictive vs. Obstructive Diseases ✅✅ANSW-Reduced lung volumes vs. airflow obstruction.
COVID-19 ✅✅ANSW-ACE2 receptor involvement, immune dysfunction.
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Blood Flow Pathway Through the Heart ✅✅ANSW-Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary
Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta → Systemic
Circulation.
Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function (SNS) ✅✅ANSW-Increases HR, contractility.
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) ✅✅ANSW-Decreases HR via vagus nerve.
Blood Pressure Regulation - Short-term ✅✅ANSW-Baroreceptors, autonomic nervous system,
RAAS system.
Blood Pressure Regulation - Long-term ✅✅ANSW-Kidney regulation of sodium and water
balance.
Acute Pericarditis ✅✅ANSW-Causes: Viral infections (most common), myocardial infarction,
uremia, autoimmune disorders.
Rheumatic Heart Disease ✅✅ANSW-Most Serious Aspect: Valvular damage (especially mitral
stenosis).
Mitral Valve Disorders - Stenosis ✅✅ANSW-Narrowing of the valve opening, obstructing blood
flow.
Mitral Valve Disorders - Regurgitation ✅✅ANSW-Valve fails to close, causing backflow.
Right-Sided Heart Failure ✅✅ANSW-Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly.
, Left-Sided Heart Failure ✅✅ANSW-Pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, crackles.
Heart Failure Management - Precipitating Conditions ✅✅ANSW-Hypertension, MI,
cardiomyopathy.
Heart Failure Management - Acute Treatment ✅✅ANSW-Diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes.
Heart Failure Management - Long-term ✅✅ANSW-Lifestyle changes, sodium restriction, ACE
inhibitors, beta-blockers.
Cardiac Cachexia ✅✅ANSW-Severe weight loss, muscle wasting due to chronic heart failure.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ✅✅ANSW-Highest risk in young athletes.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus ✅✅ANSW-Failure of fetal duct closure, detected in infancy.
Tetralogy of Fallot ✅✅ANSW-Cyanosis, 'tet' spells (hypoxic episodes).
Epiglottitis ✅✅ANSW-Emergency, airway obstruction risk.
Bronchiolitis (RSV) ✅✅ANSW-Affects small airways, common in infants.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) ✅✅ANSW-Diagnosed via chest X-ray, treated with
antibiotics.
Types of Respiratory Failure ✅✅ANSW-Hypoxemic, Hypercapnic.
Restrictive vs. Obstructive Diseases ✅✅ANSW-Reduced lung volumes vs. airflow obstruction.
COVID-19 ✅✅ANSW-ACE2 receptor involvement, immune dysfunction.
