THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Which electrolytes pose the most potential hazard if not Which dialysis method would be most appropriate for the
within normal limits for the person with acute kidney failure? hemodynamically stable patient in the anuric phase of acute
- <<<Answers>>>Potassium and calcium kidney injury (AKI)? - <<<Answers>>>Intermittent
hemodialysis
peaked T-waves and a widening of the QRS interval in a pt
with AKI are indicative of: - <<<Answers>>>d. What are complications of continuous renal replacement
hyperkalemia. therapy (CRRT)? - <<<Answers>>>Air embolism, decreased
inflow pressure, electrolyte imbalance
A patient presents with the following: HR, 120 beats/min; BP,
80/44 mm Hg; urine output averaging 20 mL/hr over the last 4 What type of formula would be most appropriate for a patient
hours; afebrile; moist rales in the lungs bilaterally; BUN, 84 with acute pancreatitis? - <<<Answers>>>Low fat
mg/dL; creatinine, 3.4 mg/dL. What is the probable cause of
this patient's acute kidney injury (AKI)? -
<<<Answers>>>Left ventricular failure causing prerenal AKI A person with a body mass index (BMI) of 32 would be
considered: - <<<Answers>>>obese
To determine whether edema in a patient's hands is due to
circulatory compromise or another cause, the nurse might: -
<<<Answers>>>elevate the patient's extremities for 1 hour Diet therapy for a hypertensive person 1 day after a
and observe the degree of edema still present. myocardial infarction would include all the following except:
- <<<Answers>>>a fluid-restricted diet.
Hypovolemia causes tachycardia and : -
<<<Answers>>>hypotension. Kwashiorkor malnutrition results in: - <<<Answers>>>low
levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, and hair loss.
To avoid the complications that can result from administering
furosemide (Lasix) to stimulate urinary output, the nurse will Significant laboratory and clinical findings in the nutritional
carefully monitor: - <<<Answers>>>levels of electrolytes, assessment of patient with cardiovascular disease include: -
especially potassium. <<<Answers>>>b. elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol and decreased subcutaneous fat.
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Why does lowering fever improve prognosis in stroke pts? -
Serum proteins serve the function of: - <<<Answers>>>Increased metabolic demands, enhanced
<<<Answers>>>maintaining osmotic pressure. neurotransmitter release, and increased free radicals may
increase stroke mortality.
A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total
parenteral nutrition (TPN). Why is appropriate caloric intake What is a contraindication to administer nitroglycerin to a pt
important? - <<<Answers>>>Excessive calorie intake can with a right ventricular infarction? -
cause an increase in PaCO2. <<<Answers>>>nitroglycerin reduces preload, and pts with a
RVI are preload dependent
How does AKI cause acidosis? - <<<Answers>>>Decreased
urine output impairs potassium excretion. The resulting
hyperkalemia causes a shift in H+, the accumulation results in What are six risk factors for delirium? -
acidosis <<<Answers>>>cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation,
dehydration, immobility, hearing impairment, vision
impairment
A patient with severe abdominal pain for the last week
presents with elevated amylase, lipase, and a rigid abdomen.
What do you suspect? - <<<Answers>>>pancreatitis What does a pericardial friction rub sound like? -
<<<Answers>>>grating sound with s1 and s2
How is acute pancreatitis treated? -
<<<Answers>>>hydration, electrolyte balance, nutrition and Normal PR interval - <<<Answers>>>0.12-0.20
pain control
normal QRS - <<<Answers>>>0.04-0.10
What procedure measures heart pressure and diagnoses
pulmonary hypertension? - <<<Answers>>>right-sided heart
catheterization; provides measurements of right atrium, right complications of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IAPB). -
ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery occlusive <<<Answers>>>Thrombocytopenia, aortic dissection and
pressure septicemia
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Results of heparin overdose include: - An effect of malnutrition on respiratory function is: -
<<<Answers>>>cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, coma, <<<Answers>>>decreased surfactant.
agitation, fever, thermal fluctuations, blood pressure
instability, and severe bleeding.
What is the rationale for careful intake and output for the
patient with pulmonary alterations? - <<<Answers>>>Fluid
normal range for serum amioderone is: - <<<Answers>>>1 to volume excess can lead to right-sided heart failure.
2.5 mcg
To decrease portal hypertension, an interventional radiologist
What is pulse pressure? - <<<Answers>>>the difference can: - <<<Answers>>>perform a transjugular intrahepatic
between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood portosystemic shunt procedure.
pressure. This measurement is significant because if the
patient has a narrow pulse pressure, it would indicate systemic
compensatory vasoconstriction due to a decrease in arterial To decompress an obstructed gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the
pressure (the stroke volume falls and the systolic pressure nurse will prepare to: - <<<Answers>>>insert a nasogastric
decreases). Another way to look at this phenomenon is to tube.
think of the high systemic vascular resistance causing an
increase in diastolic pressure.
When inserting a small-diameter feeding tube, the nurse will
evaluate the placement into the: - <<<Answers>>>stomach.
Prinzmetal's angina is caused by: - <<<Answers>>>coronary
vasospasm
The appropriate method of checking placement of a feeding
tube is to: - <<<Answers>>>use a portable x-ray device.
What is the antidote for digoxin? - <<<Answers>>>digoxin
immune Fab
Following surgery for liver transplantation, the nurse will
A primary nutritional intervention for hypertension is: - recognize signs of hypovolemia, tachypnea, tachycardia, and
<<<Answers>>>limiting sodium poor peripheral oxygenation as evidence of: -
<<<Answers>>>blood loss.
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Accumulation of ammonia and other toxins normally The nursing measure that can best enhance large volumes of
detoxified by the liver can produce: - <<<Answers>>>Hepatic fluid replacement in hypovolemic shock is: -
encephalopathy <<<Answers>>>insertion of a large-bore peripheral
intravenous catheter.
Elevations in which lab test results to establish a diagnosis of
acute liver failure? - <<<Answers>>>Serum bilirubin and The main cause of cardiogenic shock is: - <<<Answers>>>an
alkaline phosphatase levels inability of the heart to pump blood forward.
The most useful test to evaluate the coagulation status of a With anaphylactic shock, which mechanism results in a
patient with acute liver failure is prothrombin time. This is decreased cardiac output? - <<<Answers>>>Peripheral
because prothrombin is: - <<<Answers>>>markedly vasodilation
increased in the condition.
The gastrointestinal system is a common target organ for
The patient with spinal cord injury is at risk for disruption of MODS following septic shock due to: -
the sympathetic nervous system. The nurse will be prepared to <<<Answers>>>disruption of the mucosal barrier from
apply interventions for _____ shock. - hypoperfusion.
<<<Answers>>>neurogenic
Clinical manifestations of ischemic hepatitis show up 1 to 2
Shock syndrome can best be described as a: - days after the insult. Which symptom is indicative of hepatic
<<<Answers>>>generalized systemic response to inadequate insufficiency? - <<<Answers>>>Jaundice
tissue perfusion.
The difference between primary and secondary multiple organ
The initial priority action in managing the patient in shock is dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is that primary MODS is the
to: - <<<Answers>>>establish and maintain an airway. result of: - <<<Answers>>>direct organ injury.
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Which electrolytes pose the most potential hazard if not Which dialysis method would be most appropriate for the
within normal limits for the person with acute kidney failure? hemodynamically stable patient in the anuric phase of acute
- <<<Answers>>>Potassium and calcium kidney injury (AKI)? - <<<Answers>>>Intermittent
hemodialysis
peaked T-waves and a widening of the QRS interval in a pt
with AKI are indicative of: - <<<Answers>>>d. What are complications of continuous renal replacement
hyperkalemia. therapy (CRRT)? - <<<Answers>>>Air embolism, decreased
inflow pressure, electrolyte imbalance
A patient presents with the following: HR, 120 beats/min; BP,
80/44 mm Hg; urine output averaging 20 mL/hr over the last 4 What type of formula would be most appropriate for a patient
hours; afebrile; moist rales in the lungs bilaterally; BUN, 84 with acute pancreatitis? - <<<Answers>>>Low fat
mg/dL; creatinine, 3.4 mg/dL. What is the probable cause of
this patient's acute kidney injury (AKI)? -
<<<Answers>>>Left ventricular failure causing prerenal AKI A person with a body mass index (BMI) of 32 would be
considered: - <<<Answers>>>obese
To determine whether edema in a patient's hands is due to
circulatory compromise or another cause, the nurse might: -
<<<Answers>>>elevate the patient's extremities for 1 hour Diet therapy for a hypertensive person 1 day after a
and observe the degree of edema still present. myocardial infarction would include all the following except:
- <<<Answers>>>a fluid-restricted diet.
Hypovolemia causes tachycardia and : -
<<<Answers>>>hypotension. Kwashiorkor malnutrition results in: - <<<Answers>>>low
levels of serum proteins, low lymphocyte count, and hair loss.
To avoid the complications that can result from administering
furosemide (Lasix) to stimulate urinary output, the nurse will Significant laboratory and clinical findings in the nutritional
carefully monitor: - <<<Answers>>>levels of electrolytes, assessment of patient with cardiovascular disease include: -
especially potassium. <<<Answers>>>b. elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol and decreased subcutaneous fat.
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Why does lowering fever improve prognosis in stroke pts? -
Serum proteins serve the function of: - <<<Answers>>>Increased metabolic demands, enhanced
<<<Answers>>>maintaining osmotic pressure. neurotransmitter release, and increased free radicals may
increase stroke mortality.
A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total
parenteral nutrition (TPN). Why is appropriate caloric intake What is a contraindication to administer nitroglycerin to a pt
important? - <<<Answers>>>Excessive calorie intake can with a right ventricular infarction? -
cause an increase in PaCO2. <<<Answers>>>nitroglycerin reduces preload, and pts with a
RVI are preload dependent
How does AKI cause acidosis? - <<<Answers>>>Decreased
urine output impairs potassium excretion. The resulting
hyperkalemia causes a shift in H+, the accumulation results in What are six risk factors for delirium? -
acidosis <<<Answers>>>cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation,
dehydration, immobility, hearing impairment, vision
impairment
A patient with severe abdominal pain for the last week
presents with elevated amylase, lipase, and a rigid abdomen.
What do you suspect? - <<<Answers>>>pancreatitis What does a pericardial friction rub sound like? -
<<<Answers>>>grating sound with s1 and s2
How is acute pancreatitis treated? -
<<<Answers>>>hydration, electrolyte balance, nutrition and Normal PR interval - <<<Answers>>>0.12-0.20
pain control
normal QRS - <<<Answers>>>0.04-0.10
What procedure measures heart pressure and diagnoses
pulmonary hypertension? - <<<Answers>>>right-sided heart
catheterization; provides measurements of right atrium, right complications of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IAPB). -
ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery occlusive <<<Answers>>>Thrombocytopenia, aortic dissection and
pressure septicemia
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Results of heparin overdose include: - An effect of malnutrition on respiratory function is: -
<<<Answers>>>cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, coma, <<<Answers>>>decreased surfactant.
agitation, fever, thermal fluctuations, blood pressure
instability, and severe bleeding.
What is the rationale for careful intake and output for the
patient with pulmonary alterations? - <<<Answers>>>Fluid
normal range for serum amioderone is: - <<<Answers>>>1 to volume excess can lead to right-sided heart failure.
2.5 mcg
To decrease portal hypertension, an interventional radiologist
What is pulse pressure? - <<<Answers>>>the difference can: - <<<Answers>>>perform a transjugular intrahepatic
between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood portosystemic shunt procedure.
pressure. This measurement is significant because if the
patient has a narrow pulse pressure, it would indicate systemic
compensatory vasoconstriction due to a decrease in arterial To decompress an obstructed gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the
pressure (the stroke volume falls and the systolic pressure nurse will prepare to: - <<<Answers>>>insert a nasogastric
decreases). Another way to look at this phenomenon is to tube.
think of the high systemic vascular resistance causing an
increase in diastolic pressure.
When inserting a small-diameter feeding tube, the nurse will
evaluate the placement into the: - <<<Answers>>>stomach.
Prinzmetal's angina is caused by: - <<<Answers>>>coronary
vasospasm
The appropriate method of checking placement of a feeding
tube is to: - <<<Answers>>>use a portable x-ray device.
What is the antidote for digoxin? - <<<Answers>>>digoxin
immune Fab
Following surgery for liver transplantation, the nurse will
A primary nutritional intervention for hypertension is: - recognize signs of hypovolemia, tachypnea, tachycardia, and
<<<Answers>>>limiting sodium poor peripheral oxygenation as evidence of: -
<<<Answers>>>blood loss.
, THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS THE PCCN EXAM (ACTUAL 2024-2025) QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS WITH ANSWERS
Accumulation of ammonia and other toxins normally The nursing measure that can best enhance large volumes of
detoxified by the liver can produce: - <<<Answers>>>Hepatic fluid replacement in hypovolemic shock is: -
encephalopathy <<<Answers>>>insertion of a large-bore peripheral
intravenous catheter.
Elevations in which lab test results to establish a diagnosis of
acute liver failure? - <<<Answers>>>Serum bilirubin and The main cause of cardiogenic shock is: - <<<Answers>>>an
alkaline phosphatase levels inability of the heart to pump blood forward.
The most useful test to evaluate the coagulation status of a With anaphylactic shock, which mechanism results in a
patient with acute liver failure is prothrombin time. This is decreased cardiac output? - <<<Answers>>>Peripheral
because prothrombin is: - <<<Answers>>>markedly vasodilation
increased in the condition.
The gastrointestinal system is a common target organ for
The patient with spinal cord injury is at risk for disruption of MODS following septic shock due to: -
the sympathetic nervous system. The nurse will be prepared to <<<Answers>>>disruption of the mucosal barrier from
apply interventions for _____ shock. - hypoperfusion.
<<<Answers>>>neurogenic
Clinical manifestations of ischemic hepatitis show up 1 to 2
Shock syndrome can best be described as a: - days after the insult. Which symptom is indicative of hepatic
<<<Answers>>>generalized systemic response to inadequate insufficiency? - <<<Answers>>>Jaundice
tissue perfusion.
The difference between primary and secondary multiple organ
The initial priority action in managing the patient in shock is dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is that primary MODS is the
to: - <<<Answers>>>establish and maintain an airway. result of: - <<<Answers>>>direct organ injury.
