Bio 351 Exam 1 2025 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What are chromosomes made up of? - ✔✔DNA packaged into chromatin
telocentric - ✔✔
acrocentric - ✔✔
submetacentric - ✔✔
metacentric - ✔✔
karyotype - ✔✔a complete set of chromosomes for an individual organism
What do karyotypes tell us? - ✔✔1. the number of chromosomes is invariant within a
species
2. there are two types of eukaryotic cells
3. the banding pattern of each type of chromosome is also variant
4. some chromosomes differ between the sexes
5. closely related species can have similar banding patterns
diploid - ✔✔2 of each set of homologous chromosomes
haploid - ✔✔1 of each chromosome
asexual reproduction - ✔✔number of chromosomes stays the same via mitosis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, stages of mitosis - ✔✔interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase &
cytokinesis
stages of mitosis: interphase - ✔✔- chromosomes duplicated by G2
stages of mitosis: prophase - ✔✔- chromosomes condense (2 sister chromatids per each
homologue)
- centromeres nucleate beginning mitotic spindle
- by end of prophase, nuclear envelope breaks down & chromosomes begin to align,
forming spindle
stages of mitosis: metaphase - ✔✔- chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
- centromeres are used to attach to kinetochores to mitotic spindle
- sister chromatids of each chromosome are attached to microtubules from opposite
poles
stages of mitosis: anaphase - ✔✔- sister chromatids separate
stages of mitosis: telophase & cytokinesis - ✔✔- spindle poles push further apart
- nuclear envelope starts to reform
- chromosomes start to decondense
- cell completes division to form two daughter cells
What are the key features of mitosis? - ✔✔- one round of division
- end result is two daughter cells, each identical to parent cell in chromosome content &
organization
sexual reproduction - ✔✔production of new organisms by combining genetic
information from two individuals to produce an offspring containing chromosomes
from both parents
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Answers 100% Pass
What are chromosomes made up of? - ✔✔DNA packaged into chromatin
telocentric - ✔✔
acrocentric - ✔✔
submetacentric - ✔✔
metacentric - ✔✔
karyotype - ✔✔a complete set of chromosomes for an individual organism
What do karyotypes tell us? - ✔✔1. the number of chromosomes is invariant within a
species
2. there are two types of eukaryotic cells
3. the banding pattern of each type of chromosome is also variant
4. some chromosomes differ between the sexes
5. closely related species can have similar banding patterns
diploid - ✔✔2 of each set of homologous chromosomes
haploid - ✔✔1 of each chromosome
asexual reproduction - ✔✔number of chromosomes stays the same via mitosis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, stages of mitosis - ✔✔interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase &
cytokinesis
stages of mitosis: interphase - ✔✔- chromosomes duplicated by G2
stages of mitosis: prophase - ✔✔- chromosomes condense (2 sister chromatids per each
homologue)
- centromeres nucleate beginning mitotic spindle
- by end of prophase, nuclear envelope breaks down & chromosomes begin to align,
forming spindle
stages of mitosis: metaphase - ✔✔- chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
- centromeres are used to attach to kinetochores to mitotic spindle
- sister chromatids of each chromosome are attached to microtubules from opposite
poles
stages of mitosis: anaphase - ✔✔- sister chromatids separate
stages of mitosis: telophase & cytokinesis - ✔✔- spindle poles push further apart
- nuclear envelope starts to reform
- chromosomes start to decondense
- cell completes division to form two daughter cells
What are the key features of mitosis? - ✔✔- one round of division
- end result is two daughter cells, each identical to parent cell in chromosome content &
organization
sexual reproduction - ✔✔production of new organisms by combining genetic
information from two individuals to produce an offspring containing chromosomes
from both parents
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
