BIO 351: Module 1 Exam Notes
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Which of the following terms describe the steps at which cells become irreversibly
committed to a particular cell fate? - ✔✔Determination
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type - ✔✔Specification, determination, differentiation
As cells move along the continuum from stem cell to differentiated cell which of the
following correctly identifies the properties of a determined cell? - ✔✔Fate is
irreversible
The diagram shows a nematode embryo at the four cell stage. The EMS cell normally
divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and endoderm. Killing the
P2 cells leads to the disruption of EMS cell differentiation, which of the following best
describes the process taking place? - ✔✔Conditional specification of the EMS cell
Which of the follow are TRUE properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells? - ✔✔They are
pluripotent and will self-renew indefinitely
Which of the following best defines asymmetric cell division? - ✔✔Mitosis producing
unequal daughter cell that ensures stem cell self-renewal
Pick the answer that BEST describes the potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells? -
✔✔pluripotent
The ___ produce embryonic stem cells by ____. - ✔✔inner cell mass; cavitation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Within the early embryo, the primary heart field develops in response to high levels of
bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and fribroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) at the rostral
end of the embryo. The following is an example of? - ✔✔Morphogen gradient
You grow mesenchymal cells in Dish A and epidermal cells in Dish B. If you take the
liquid medium covering the epidermal cells in Dish B, you notice that it causes the
epidermal cells to round up and thicken. What developmental concept does this
example best describes? - ✔✔Induction of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from
mesechymal cells
The normal morphogen gradient in a limb bud is shown in the diagram below on the
left. The panel on the right shows the level of morphogen after a bead soaked with SHH
is transplanted into the rostral side of a limb bud. Which of the following best described
the expected pattern of digits? - ✔✔B
During eye development, a region of the developing brain grows outwards to be
adjacent to the surface ectoderm. These two tissues then differentiate into the retina and
lens, respectively. Placing a piece of aluminum foil between these two tissues blocks
both of these differentiation processes. However, placing a piece of permeable
membrane allows both processes to proceed.
Based on these observations, what type of signaling is taking place? - ✔✔Paracrine-
inducer released from a distance
The diagram below shows an example of juxtacrine signaling. Cell-cell contact is
mediated through the ___ ligand on the inducing cell and ___ receptor on the
responding cell in this pathway. - ✔✔Delta, Notch
In the signaling diagram on the below, the ligand binds to a ___. Fill in the blank. -
✔✔Recptor tryosine kinase (RTK)
WNTS play an important role in promoting EMT in developing neural crest
progenitors. What is the receptor for secreted WNTs? - ✔✔Frizzled
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Which of the following terms describe the steps at which cells become irreversibly
committed to a particular cell fate? - ✔✔Determination
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type - ✔✔Specification, determination, differentiation
As cells move along the continuum from stem cell to differentiated cell which of the
following correctly identifies the properties of a determined cell? - ✔✔Fate is
irreversible
The diagram shows a nematode embryo at the four cell stage. The EMS cell normally
divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and endoderm. Killing the
P2 cells leads to the disruption of EMS cell differentiation, which of the following best
describes the process taking place? - ✔✔Conditional specification of the EMS cell
Which of the follow are TRUE properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells? - ✔✔They are
pluripotent and will self-renew indefinitely
Which of the following best defines asymmetric cell division? - ✔✔Mitosis producing
unequal daughter cell that ensures stem cell self-renewal
Pick the answer that BEST describes the potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells? -
✔✔pluripotent
The ___ produce embryonic stem cells by ____. - ✔✔inner cell mass; cavitation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Within the early embryo, the primary heart field develops in response to high levels of
bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and fribroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) at the rostral
end of the embryo. The following is an example of? - ✔✔Morphogen gradient
You grow mesenchymal cells in Dish A and epidermal cells in Dish B. If you take the
liquid medium covering the epidermal cells in Dish B, you notice that it causes the
epidermal cells to round up and thicken. What developmental concept does this
example best describes? - ✔✔Induction of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from
mesechymal cells
The normal morphogen gradient in a limb bud is shown in the diagram below on the
left. The panel on the right shows the level of morphogen after a bead soaked with SHH
is transplanted into the rostral side of a limb bud. Which of the following best described
the expected pattern of digits? - ✔✔B
During eye development, a region of the developing brain grows outwards to be
adjacent to the surface ectoderm. These two tissues then differentiate into the retina and
lens, respectively. Placing a piece of aluminum foil between these two tissues blocks
both of these differentiation processes. However, placing a piece of permeable
membrane allows both processes to proceed.
Based on these observations, what type of signaling is taking place? - ✔✔Paracrine-
inducer released from a distance
The diagram below shows an example of juxtacrine signaling. Cell-cell contact is
mediated through the ___ ligand on the inducing cell and ___ receptor on the
responding cell in this pathway. - ✔✔Delta, Notch
In the signaling diagram on the below, the ligand binds to a ___. Fill in the blank. -
✔✔Recptor tryosine kinase (RTK)
WNTS play an important role in promoting EMT in developing neural crest
progenitors. What is the receptor for secreted WNTs? - ✔✔Frizzled
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
