BIO 351 Final Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
A promoter is required for the initiation of which of the following processes? -
✔✔Transcription
Why is the initially transcribed RNA precursor much larger than the mature mRNA? -
✔✔The initial transcript contains introns, which are removed by spilcing
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about enhancers? -
✔✔Transcription factors bind to enhancers
Which of the following techniques would allow you to visualize gene expression in a
living zebra fish embryo, thus permitting repeated observations over time? -
✔✔Fluorescent transgenic reporter
A transgene was constructed that mutated the MEF-2 site, but not the E1 site. The
mutant MEF-2 site transgene was expressed in all muscles except limbs. What would
you conclude about the MEF-2 site? - ✔✔It directs expression of the transgene in the
limb muscle only
If the MEF-2 site directs expression of the LacZ gene in certain skeletal muscles, what
must it bind to? - ✔✔Transcription factors
A transgenic mouse is not a chimera, why? - ✔✔Electroporation of vector DNA into ES
cells results in an embryo in which all cells have the transgene
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What will be the result of thymidine kinase gene (TK) being incorporated into an ES
cell's genome? - ✔✔It will make cells sensitive to Glancyclovir
You want to knockout the Zombie gene in the brain only. What will allow you to do this
experiment? - ✔✔A mouse with a Cre recombinase that is expressed in the brain and a
mouse with a floxed Zombie allele
You have ES cells that have passed through double selection for your knockout
experiment. What is your next step? - ✔✔Inject the ES cells into a blastocyst
During the period of limb bud outgrowth, a developmental biologist has transplanted
some mesenchyme from underneath the AER of a forelimb bud an moved it underneath
the AER of the hindlimb bud. What would you expect from this surgically altered limb
bud? - ✔✔An appendage that is proximal leg and distal wing
The__ is the morphogen expressed in the __ that caudalizes the limb bud - ✔✔SHH,
zone of polarizing activity
Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells are committed to a
particular cell fate, but it is still reversible? - ✔✔Specification
A parasitic infection of the frog embryo has resulted in the following defect. The
parasites induced expression of __ and the formation of extra__. (Photo shows frog will
multiple hind limbs) - ✔✔FGF8, apical ectodermal ridge
Scientists have created a transgenic chick embryo that expresses Tbx5 in both the
forelimb and hindlimb bud regions but no Tbx4. What would you expect to see? - ✔✔A
chicken with 4 legs
EMS cell normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and
endoderm. If killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of differentiation, which of the
following best describes the process taking place? - ✔✔Conditional specification of the
EMS cell
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an outstanding model for developmental
genetics due to several features. Which of the following is not a feature of this
nematode? - ✔✔Every cell in this nematode undergoes autonomous specification
Spermatozoa that are harvested from the epididymis for IVF in men with blockage of
their vas deferens are incompetent to fertilize eggs. What must first happen for
successful fertilization? - ✔✔Capacitation
In sea urchins, the acrosome reaction: - ✔✔releases enzymes necessary for penetrating
egg jelly
During cortical granule exocytosis, these granules release__ and this allows for the
influx of __ and this causes the formation of the __. - ✔✔Serine proteases, H2O,
fertilization envelope
You have made a mouse in which the Zp3 gene was knocked out. What is the likely
phenotype? - ✔✔The eggs cannot be fertilized because the sperm will not bind
WHich of the following terms describes the process by which the chromosomes of the
egg and those of the sperm combine just before the beginning of the first mitotic
division? - ✔✔Syngamy
In humans, there is a genetic syndrome called situs inversus in which the internal
organs are located on the opposite sides than normal individuals. Which of the
following structures is most likely affected in development to produce this phenotype? -
✔✔Node
During gastrulation, cells of the epiblast migrate through__ to form the mesoderm and
endoderm - ✔✔Primitive streak
Which of the following produces right-left symmetry in the mouse embryo? -
✔✔Unidirectional flow in nodal cilia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers 100% Pass
A promoter is required for the initiation of which of the following processes? -
✔✔Transcription
Why is the initially transcribed RNA precursor much larger than the mature mRNA? -
✔✔The initial transcript contains introns, which are removed by spilcing
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about enhancers? -
✔✔Transcription factors bind to enhancers
Which of the following techniques would allow you to visualize gene expression in a
living zebra fish embryo, thus permitting repeated observations over time? -
✔✔Fluorescent transgenic reporter
A transgene was constructed that mutated the MEF-2 site, but not the E1 site. The
mutant MEF-2 site transgene was expressed in all muscles except limbs. What would
you conclude about the MEF-2 site? - ✔✔It directs expression of the transgene in the
limb muscle only
If the MEF-2 site directs expression of the LacZ gene in certain skeletal muscles, what
must it bind to? - ✔✔Transcription factors
A transgenic mouse is not a chimera, why? - ✔✔Electroporation of vector DNA into ES
cells results in an embryo in which all cells have the transgene
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What will be the result of thymidine kinase gene (TK) being incorporated into an ES
cell's genome? - ✔✔It will make cells sensitive to Glancyclovir
You want to knockout the Zombie gene in the brain only. What will allow you to do this
experiment? - ✔✔A mouse with a Cre recombinase that is expressed in the brain and a
mouse with a floxed Zombie allele
You have ES cells that have passed through double selection for your knockout
experiment. What is your next step? - ✔✔Inject the ES cells into a blastocyst
During the period of limb bud outgrowth, a developmental biologist has transplanted
some mesenchyme from underneath the AER of a forelimb bud an moved it underneath
the AER of the hindlimb bud. What would you expect from this surgically altered limb
bud? - ✔✔An appendage that is proximal leg and distal wing
The__ is the morphogen expressed in the __ that caudalizes the limb bud - ✔✔SHH,
zone of polarizing activity
Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells are committed to a
particular cell fate, but it is still reversible? - ✔✔Specification
A parasitic infection of the frog embryo has resulted in the following defect. The
parasites induced expression of __ and the formation of extra__. (Photo shows frog will
multiple hind limbs) - ✔✔FGF8, apical ectodermal ridge
Scientists have created a transgenic chick embryo that expresses Tbx5 in both the
forelimb and hindlimb bud regions but no Tbx4. What would you expect to see? - ✔✔A
chicken with 4 legs
EMS cell normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and
endoderm. If killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of differentiation, which of the
following best describes the process taking place? - ✔✔Conditional specification of the
EMS cell
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an outstanding model for developmental
genetics due to several features. Which of the following is not a feature of this
nematode? - ✔✔Every cell in this nematode undergoes autonomous specification
Spermatozoa that are harvested from the epididymis for IVF in men with blockage of
their vas deferens are incompetent to fertilize eggs. What must first happen for
successful fertilization? - ✔✔Capacitation
In sea urchins, the acrosome reaction: - ✔✔releases enzymes necessary for penetrating
egg jelly
During cortical granule exocytosis, these granules release__ and this allows for the
influx of __ and this causes the formation of the __. - ✔✔Serine proteases, H2O,
fertilization envelope
You have made a mouse in which the Zp3 gene was knocked out. What is the likely
phenotype? - ✔✔The eggs cannot be fertilized because the sperm will not bind
WHich of the following terms describes the process by which the chromosomes of the
egg and those of the sperm combine just before the beginning of the first mitotic
division? - ✔✔Syngamy
In humans, there is a genetic syndrome called situs inversus in which the internal
organs are located on the opposite sides than normal individuals. Which of the
following structures is most likely affected in development to produce this phenotype? -
✔✔Node
During gastrulation, cells of the epiblast migrate through__ to form the mesoderm and
endoderm - ✔✔Primitive streak
Which of the following produces right-left symmetry in the mouse embryo? -
✔✔Unidirectional flow in nodal cilia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
