APHA NAPLEX 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
When 2 Anti-Infective Therapies Together Produce A Greater Effect
Than The Effects Of Each Used Alone, This Phenomenon Is Termed
A. Commensalism
B. Synergy
C. Antagonism
D. Additive
E. Interacting ----Answers----B. Synergy
Analysis Of The Cerebrospinal Fluid May Give Valuable Clues To The
Identity Of The Pathogen In Meningitis. Given The Following Results,
What Would Be Indicative Of A Bacterial Infx?
I. Increased Wbcs
II. Increased Glucose
III. Increased Protein
,A. I Only
B. Ii Only
C. I And Iii Only
D. Ii And Iii Only
E. All Of The Above ----Answers----C. Bacterial Meningitis Infx Show
An Increase In Wbc And Proteins In The Csf. Glucose Is Decreased
Empiric Therapy For Meningitis For Pts Up To 1mo Of Age Includes
A. Vanco And Ampicillin
B. Aminoglycoside And Ampicillin
C. Ceftriaxone And Vancomycin
D. Vanco And Aminoglycosides
E. Ampicillin And Ceftriaxone ----Answers----B. The Regimen Covers
The Most Likely Organisms For Meningitis In This Age Group: Stept
Agalactiae, E.Coli, Listeria Monocytogenes (Ampicillin), And Klebsiella
Species. Ampicillin And Cefotaxime Would Be Another Appropriate
Choice For Empiric Therapy In Pts Up To 1mo Of Age
Cf Is A 65yo Male Diagnosed With Endocarditis. Blood Cultures Reveal
A Highly Sensitive Strain Of Streptococcus. Which Of The Following
Is Most Appropriate If Cf Has An Anaphylactoid Penicillin Allergy?
A. Vancomycin
B. Gentamicin
C. Ceftriaxone And Gentamicin
D. Meropenem
E. Rifampin And Gentamicin ----Answers----A. Vancomycin Is
,Appropriate For Penicillin Allergic Pts With Endocarditis Caused By
Strept Species. Other Regimens For Strep Include Penicillin Or
Ceftriaxone (W/ Or W/O Gent), Which Has A Potential For Cross-
Linking Reactivity In Pts W/ Penicillin Allergies
Pts Presenting With Acute Bronchitis Without Risk Factors Should Be
Treated Empirically With
A. Supportive Care
B. Clarithromcyin
C. Cefuroxime
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Erythromycin ----Answers----A. B/C Half Of Bronchitis Infx Are
Caused By Viral Etiology, Antibacterial Therapy For Low-Risk Pts Should
Not Be Attempted Unless Severe Presentation
The Most Common Organisms Associated With Cap In Adults Treated
As Outpts Are
A. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Mycoplasma Pneumo, And H. Flu
B. Strept Pneumo, H. Flu. And Klebsiella Pneumo
C. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And Kleb
Pneumo
D. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And
Chlamydophila Pneumo
E. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa ----Answers----D. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is More Likely
In Pts With Risk Factors For Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Such As
Late-Onset Hap Or Vap. Kleb Pneumoniae Is Also Not Commonly
Associated With Cap.
, Which Of The Following Is An Appropriate Regimen For A Pt W/ Early-
Onset Hap W/O Risk Factors For Mdr Pathogens?
A. Doxycycline
B. Azithromycin
C. Unasyn
D. Cipro And Vanco
E. Cefepime, Cipro, And Vanco ----Answers----C. Empiric Therapy
For Early-Onset Hap W/O Risk Factors For Mdr Resistant Pathogens
Is As Follows: Ceftriaxone, A Fluoroquinolone, Unasyn, Or
Ertapenem. Doxycycline Or Azithromycin Is Appropriate For
Outpatient Treatment Of Cap. Cefepime, Cipro And Vanco In
Combination Are Appropriate For Late-Onset Hap Or Pts W/ Risk
Factors For Mdr.
Initial Treatment Of Active Tb Infections In Which No Resistant Strains
Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Are Suspected Should Include
A. Rifabutin And Pyrazinamide
B. Rifampin And Pyrazinamide
C. Ethambutol, Rifampin, Isoniazid, And Pyrazinamide
D. Isoniazid, Rifabutin, And Pyrazinamide
E. Ethambutol And Rifampin ----Answers----C. The Preferred
Treatment For Active Tb Infx Is A Four-Drug Regimen Consisting Of
Ethambutol, Rifampin, Isoniazid, And Pyrazinamide For The Initial 2
Month, Followed By Rifampin With Isoniazid For 4 Additional
Months.
The Use Of Antimotility Agents In A Pt W/ Suspected C. Diff Infx Is
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
When 2 Anti-Infective Therapies Together Produce A Greater Effect
Than The Effects Of Each Used Alone, This Phenomenon Is Termed
A. Commensalism
B. Synergy
C. Antagonism
D. Additive
E. Interacting ----Answers----B. Synergy
Analysis Of The Cerebrospinal Fluid May Give Valuable Clues To The
Identity Of The Pathogen In Meningitis. Given The Following Results,
What Would Be Indicative Of A Bacterial Infx?
I. Increased Wbcs
II. Increased Glucose
III. Increased Protein
,A. I Only
B. Ii Only
C. I And Iii Only
D. Ii And Iii Only
E. All Of The Above ----Answers----C. Bacterial Meningitis Infx Show
An Increase In Wbc And Proteins In The Csf. Glucose Is Decreased
Empiric Therapy For Meningitis For Pts Up To 1mo Of Age Includes
A. Vanco And Ampicillin
B. Aminoglycoside And Ampicillin
C. Ceftriaxone And Vancomycin
D. Vanco And Aminoglycosides
E. Ampicillin And Ceftriaxone ----Answers----B. The Regimen Covers
The Most Likely Organisms For Meningitis In This Age Group: Stept
Agalactiae, E.Coli, Listeria Monocytogenes (Ampicillin), And Klebsiella
Species. Ampicillin And Cefotaxime Would Be Another Appropriate
Choice For Empiric Therapy In Pts Up To 1mo Of Age
Cf Is A 65yo Male Diagnosed With Endocarditis. Blood Cultures Reveal
A Highly Sensitive Strain Of Streptococcus. Which Of The Following
Is Most Appropriate If Cf Has An Anaphylactoid Penicillin Allergy?
A. Vancomycin
B. Gentamicin
C. Ceftriaxone And Gentamicin
D. Meropenem
E. Rifampin And Gentamicin ----Answers----A. Vancomycin Is
,Appropriate For Penicillin Allergic Pts With Endocarditis Caused By
Strept Species. Other Regimens For Strep Include Penicillin Or
Ceftriaxone (W/ Or W/O Gent), Which Has A Potential For Cross-
Linking Reactivity In Pts W/ Penicillin Allergies
Pts Presenting With Acute Bronchitis Without Risk Factors Should Be
Treated Empirically With
A. Supportive Care
B. Clarithromcyin
C. Cefuroxime
D. Ciprofloxacin
E. Erythromycin ----Answers----A. B/C Half Of Bronchitis Infx Are
Caused By Viral Etiology, Antibacterial Therapy For Low-Risk Pts Should
Not Be Attempted Unless Severe Presentation
The Most Common Organisms Associated With Cap In Adults Treated
As Outpts Are
A. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Mycoplasma Pneumo, And H. Flu
B. Strept Pneumo, H. Flu. And Klebsiella Pneumo
C. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And Kleb
Pneumo
D. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And
Chlamydophila Pneumo
E. Mycoplasma Pneumo, Strept Pneumo, H. Flu, And Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa ----Answers----D. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is More Likely
In Pts With Risk Factors For Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Such As
Late-Onset Hap Or Vap. Kleb Pneumoniae Is Also Not Commonly
Associated With Cap.
, Which Of The Following Is An Appropriate Regimen For A Pt W/ Early-
Onset Hap W/O Risk Factors For Mdr Pathogens?
A. Doxycycline
B. Azithromycin
C. Unasyn
D. Cipro And Vanco
E. Cefepime, Cipro, And Vanco ----Answers----C. Empiric Therapy
For Early-Onset Hap W/O Risk Factors For Mdr Resistant Pathogens
Is As Follows: Ceftriaxone, A Fluoroquinolone, Unasyn, Or
Ertapenem. Doxycycline Or Azithromycin Is Appropriate For
Outpatient Treatment Of Cap. Cefepime, Cipro And Vanco In
Combination Are Appropriate For Late-Onset Hap Or Pts W/ Risk
Factors For Mdr.
Initial Treatment Of Active Tb Infections In Which No Resistant Strains
Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Are Suspected Should Include
A. Rifabutin And Pyrazinamide
B. Rifampin And Pyrazinamide
C. Ethambutol, Rifampin, Isoniazid, And Pyrazinamide
D. Isoniazid, Rifabutin, And Pyrazinamide
E. Ethambutol And Rifampin ----Answers----C. The Preferred
Treatment For Active Tb Infx Is A Four-Drug Regimen Consisting Of
Ethambutol, Rifampin, Isoniazid, And Pyrazinamide For The Initial 2
Month, Followed By Rifampin With Isoniazid For 4 Additional
Months.
The Use Of Antimotility Agents In A Pt W/ Suspected C. Diff Infx Is
