NUR 341: Pharmacology Test With
100% Correct Answers
Pharmacokinetics correct answers- what the body does to the drug
This includes
absorption
distribution
metabolism (biotransformation)
elimination
What does the liver do to a drug correct answers- it is the primary metabolism organ in the body
what does the kidney do to a drug correct answers- the kidney is primary in excretion
absorption correct answers- the process by which a drug moves across 1+ cell membranes from
its site of administration into the blood.
Pharmodynamics correct answers- what the drug does to the body
this includes:
the change that is caused by the drug
Drug action
mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics includes which 4 processes? correct answers- absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and elimination
what does pharmacokinetics determine? correct answers- -the onset of a drugs effect(how long it
takes to start working
-intensity of a drug
(all depend on pt related factors)
factors that influence absorption correct answers- -drug chemistry (solubility, polarity)
-route of administration (oral vs IV)
-coating on the drug
what are some common routes of drug administration correct answers- enteral, parenteral and
inhaled
Enteral administration correct answers- includes oral admin
sublingual admin- under the tongue
buccal admin- inside the cheek
, NUR 341: Pharmacology Test With
100% Correct Answers
rectal admin
parenteral administration correct answers- injecting a medication into body tissues.
includes:
intravenous (IV)
intramuscular (IM)
subcutaneously (subQ)- injecting the drug into the tissue later between skin and muscles.
IV route of administration correct answers- pumped directly into R heart
does not interfere with the liver, not metabolized initially, preferred for this reason (immediate
and intense effects)
Absorption is immediate!!!
Oral route of administration absorption characteristics correct answers- the drug passes through
the liver for metabolism
motility is important factor with these types of admin because it can effect absorption.
Ex: pt has diarrhea and vomiting-drug cannot be absorbed-pt receives lower and potentially
ineffective level of drug.
Ex: pt has constipation-slow/toxic-pt will have higher level of drug in the body
What foods could potential inhibit drug absorption? correct answers- dairy products.
Dairy products bind to tetracycline (do not allow drug to have the proper effect)
tetracycline correct answers- antibiotic used to treat some acne and skin infections
inhaled drug administration correct answers- drug enters into bloodstream or lungs and does
NOT pass through the liver.
what variables can effect oral absorption of a drug? correct answers- composition of the drug
gut pH and motility
simultaneous use of other drugs
timing of the dose with respect to meals
advantages of oral drugs correct answers- convenient
economical
, NUR 341: Pharmacology Test With
100% Correct Answers
best for self admin
Disadvantages for oral drugs correct answers- self admin requires compliance
unsuitable for poorly absorbed drugs
unsuitable for infants or pt unable to swallow
disadvantages of IV admin correct answers- adverse effects appear rapidly
effects may be of short duration
insoluble substances cannot be given
risk of infection, pain, vasculitis, extravasation
not suitable for self injection
advantages of IV admin correct answers- emergency use
useful for large volumes of drug
what are some characteristics an oral drug must have in order to absorb correct answers- must be
soluble in water
lipid soluble to an extent
must dissolve aqueous contents of digestive tract
What is drug distribution? correct answers- movement of drug by blood to the body
when a drug is distributed, local blood flow affects what? correct answers- the amount of blood
reaching the organs
What are some special barriers that protect drugs from reaching the brain, fetus etc? correct
answers- The blood brain barrier
placental barrier
what is the blood brain barrier (BBB) correct answers- a semi permeable membrane (network of
blood vessels and tissues made of closely packed cells) that keeps harmful substances from reach
the brain.
Anesthetics usually cross this barrier (we want them to)
most antibiotics and other meds do not
what is the placental barrier correct answers- similar to BBB
semipermeable membrane made of placental tissues.
limits the type and amount of substances shared between the mother and baby
General look for meds that do not cross
100% Correct Answers
Pharmacokinetics correct answers- what the body does to the drug
This includes
absorption
distribution
metabolism (biotransformation)
elimination
What does the liver do to a drug correct answers- it is the primary metabolism organ in the body
what does the kidney do to a drug correct answers- the kidney is primary in excretion
absorption correct answers- the process by which a drug moves across 1+ cell membranes from
its site of administration into the blood.
Pharmodynamics correct answers- what the drug does to the body
this includes:
the change that is caused by the drug
Drug action
mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics includes which 4 processes? correct answers- absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and elimination
what does pharmacokinetics determine? correct answers- -the onset of a drugs effect(how long it
takes to start working
-intensity of a drug
(all depend on pt related factors)
factors that influence absorption correct answers- -drug chemistry (solubility, polarity)
-route of administration (oral vs IV)
-coating on the drug
what are some common routes of drug administration correct answers- enteral, parenteral and
inhaled
Enteral administration correct answers- includes oral admin
sublingual admin- under the tongue
buccal admin- inside the cheek
, NUR 341: Pharmacology Test With
100% Correct Answers
rectal admin
parenteral administration correct answers- injecting a medication into body tissues.
includes:
intravenous (IV)
intramuscular (IM)
subcutaneously (subQ)- injecting the drug into the tissue later between skin and muscles.
IV route of administration correct answers- pumped directly into R heart
does not interfere with the liver, not metabolized initially, preferred for this reason (immediate
and intense effects)
Absorption is immediate!!!
Oral route of administration absorption characteristics correct answers- the drug passes through
the liver for metabolism
motility is important factor with these types of admin because it can effect absorption.
Ex: pt has diarrhea and vomiting-drug cannot be absorbed-pt receives lower and potentially
ineffective level of drug.
Ex: pt has constipation-slow/toxic-pt will have higher level of drug in the body
What foods could potential inhibit drug absorption? correct answers- dairy products.
Dairy products bind to tetracycline (do not allow drug to have the proper effect)
tetracycline correct answers- antibiotic used to treat some acne and skin infections
inhaled drug administration correct answers- drug enters into bloodstream or lungs and does
NOT pass through the liver.
what variables can effect oral absorption of a drug? correct answers- composition of the drug
gut pH and motility
simultaneous use of other drugs
timing of the dose with respect to meals
advantages of oral drugs correct answers- convenient
economical
, NUR 341: Pharmacology Test With
100% Correct Answers
best for self admin
Disadvantages for oral drugs correct answers- self admin requires compliance
unsuitable for poorly absorbed drugs
unsuitable for infants or pt unable to swallow
disadvantages of IV admin correct answers- adverse effects appear rapidly
effects may be of short duration
insoluble substances cannot be given
risk of infection, pain, vasculitis, extravasation
not suitable for self injection
advantages of IV admin correct answers- emergency use
useful for large volumes of drug
what are some characteristics an oral drug must have in order to absorb correct answers- must be
soluble in water
lipid soluble to an extent
must dissolve aqueous contents of digestive tract
What is drug distribution? correct answers- movement of drug by blood to the body
when a drug is distributed, local blood flow affects what? correct answers- the amount of blood
reaching the organs
What are some special barriers that protect drugs from reaching the brain, fetus etc? correct
answers- The blood brain barrier
placental barrier
what is the blood brain barrier (BBB) correct answers- a semi permeable membrane (network of
blood vessels and tissues made of closely packed cells) that keeps harmful substances from reach
the brain.
Anesthetics usually cross this barrier (we want them to)
most antibiotics and other meds do not
what is the placental barrier correct answers- similar to BBB
semipermeable membrane made of placental tissues.
limits the type and amount of substances shared between the mother and baby
General look for meds that do not cross
