TEST BANK FOR k x k x
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
9th Edition by Julia Rogers
kx kx kx kx kx
Chapter1-49 xk
Chapter01:Cellular Biology xk xk kx
Rogers:McCance &Huether’sPathophysiology,9thEdition
xk kx xk kx xk xk
MULTIPLE CHOICE kx
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Cells can produce proteins. kx kx kx
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. kx kx kx kx
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. kx kx kx kx kx kx
d. Cells can synthesize fats. kx kx kx
ANS: k x C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
absorption.
kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: k x C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largelyof RNA, most of the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx
cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Ribosomes’chieffunction is to provide sites forcellularprotein synthesis. Lysosomes function askx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
the intracellular digestive system.
kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) byusing oxygen to remove
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: k x B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex kx
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum kx kx
d. Lysosomes
ANS: k x D
Thelysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
removing toxic substances from the cell.
kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction kx kx kx kx kx kx
b. Secretion of cortisol kx kx
c. Increased retention of water kx kx kx
d. Breakdown of fat kx kx
ANS: k x C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases in
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
to glucagon.
kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: k x B
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
= synthesis), duringwhich DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes byacting as
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: k x C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes together.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
8. Understandingthe various steps of proteolytic cascades maybe useful in designingdrug kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx
kx therapy for which human diseases? kx kx kx kx
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders kx kx kx
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders kx kx kx
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders kx kx kx
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominentlyin manyhuman diseases, including
kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx x
k kx kx
cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal,
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
9. Which structureprevents water-soluble molecules from enteringcells across the plasma
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains kx
b. Glycoprotein channels kx
c. Membrane channel proteins kx kx
d. Lipid bilayer kx
ANS: k x D
, The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Carbohydrate chains, glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the cell membrane.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractoryperiod of the action potential. What
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
response by the professor is best?
kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse maygenerate a response in the relative
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
11. Which form of cell communication is used to within the cell itself and with other cells in direct
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
physical contact?
kx kx
a. Protein channel (gap junction) kx kx kx
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules kx kx kx
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters kx kx kx kx
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands kx kx kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, theyaffect
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in binding
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
processes.
kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
12. Which mode of chemical signalinguses blood to transport communication to cells some
kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx distance away? kx
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS: k x D
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
9th Edition by Julia Rogers
kx kx kx kx kx
Chapter1-49 xk
Chapter01:Cellular Biology xk xk kx
Rogers:McCance &Huether’sPathophysiology,9thEdition
xk kx xk kx xk xk
MULTIPLE CHOICE kx
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Cells can produce proteins. kx kx kx
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. kx kx kx kx
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. kx kx kx kx kx kx
d. Cells can synthesize fats. kx kx kx
ANS: k x C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
absorption.
kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: k x C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largelyof RNA, most of the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx
cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Ribosomes’chieffunction is to provide sites forcellularprotein synthesis. Lysosomes function askx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
the intracellular digestive system.
kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) byusing oxygen to remove
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: k x B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex kx
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum kx kx
d. Lysosomes
ANS: k x D
Thelysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
removing toxic substances from the cell.
kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction kx kx kx kx kx kx
b. Secretion of cortisol kx kx
c. Increased retention of water kx kx kx
d. Breakdown of fat kx kx
ANS: k x C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases in
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
to glucagon.
kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: k x B
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
= synthesis), duringwhich DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes byacting as
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: k x C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes together.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection and
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
8. Understandingthe various steps of proteolytic cascades maybe useful in designingdrug kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx
kx therapy for which human diseases? kx kx kx kx
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders kx kx kx
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders kx kx kx
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders kx kx kx
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominentlyin manyhuman diseases, including
kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k kx x
k kx kx
cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal,
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
9. Which structureprevents water-soluble molecules from enteringcells across the plasma
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains kx
b. Glycoprotein channels kx
c. Membrane channel proteins kx kx
d. Lipid bilayer kx
ANS: k x D
, The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
Carbohydrate chains, glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the cell membrane.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractoryperiod of the action potential. What
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
response by the professor is best?
kx kx kx kx kx kx
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke another
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse maygenerate a response in the relative
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A hyperpolarized
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a response.
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
11. Which form of cell communication is used to within the cell itself and with other cells in direct
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
physical contact?
kx kx
a. Protein channel (gap junction) kx kx kx
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules kx kx kx
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters kx kx kx kx
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands kx kx kx kx kx
ANS: k x B
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, theyaffect
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx x
k
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are involved in binding
kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
processes.
kx
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering kx kx
12. Which mode of chemical signalinguses blood to transport communication to cells some
kx kx kx kx x
k kx kx kx kx kx kx kx
kx distance away? kx
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS: k x D
