WCU PHYS 261 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

WCU PHYS 261 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers For inspiration, is the intrapulmonary pressure higher or lower than the atmospheric pressure? - ANSWER-lower .How does the immune system distinguish "self" from "non-self"? - ANSWER-it uses antigens, molecules that are specific to that cell, and recognizes that it is part of self .In which direction does air flow due to pressure differences? - ANSWER-from a high area to a low area .What are cytokines? - ANSWER-chemicals released by the WBCs that affect growth and activity of other WBCs .What are the 2 categories of blood types? - ANSWER-ABO blood type and Rh blood type .What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of acidosis? - ANSWER-metabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system): hyperventilation- releasing CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and releasing it will increase the pH respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidney will increase reabsorption of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it increases the pH .What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of alkalosis? - ANSWER-metabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system): hypoventilation- retaining CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and retaining it will decrease the pH respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidneys will increase secretion of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it decreases the pH .What are the 2 equations to find MAP? - ANSWER-*DP(diastolic pressure) + PP(pulse pressure)/3* *(2 x DP) + SP / 3* .What are the 2 forms of ATP that can be attached to a myosin head of a thick filament? - ANSWER-ATP: low energy configuration because it is harder for myosin to use ADP and Pi: high energy configuration because myosin can use it easier .What are the 2 Rh blood types? - ANSWER--Rh+ -Rh- .What are the 2 stages of blood pressure and what do they represent? - ANSWER-systole: heart contracting and ejecting blood diastole: heart relaxed and filling with blood .What are the 2 types of chemoreceptors and their functions? - ANSWER-Central receptors -located near the medulla -detect hydrogen concentration in CSF and by detecting hydrogen, it can tell if CO2 has increased Peripheral receptors -found in carotid artery and aortic bodies -detects a decrease in O2 levels, and if decreased, it stimulates the medulla .What are the 2 types of hemostasis? - ANSWER--platelet plug(primary): for minor injuries -clot formation(secondary): for severe injuries, used along with platelet plug .What are the 2 types of respiration? - ANSWER-internal respiration and external respiration .What are the 3 pathways of coagulation cascade and how are they activated? - ANSWER--intrinsic pathway: blood comes in contact with damaged/exposed endothelium -extrinsic pathway: the vessel wall is damaged -common pathway: the result of activating both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways only because of a severe injury .What are the 3 processes involved in skeletal muscle contraction? - ANSWER-neuromuscular junction process: the release of a neurotransmitter and innervation of the muscles excitation contraction coupling: the release of calcium and cross bridge formation sliding filament theory: contraction(when actual contraction occurs)