,Chapter 01: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of
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Nutrients Raymond: Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process,
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16th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE fw
1. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
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a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid. fw
d. peptidases.
ANS: f w C
Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form by the acid
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environment of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush border of the small
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intestine in response to the presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is secreted by the pancreas
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and activated by enterokinase. Various peptidases are secreted by the either brush
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border or the pancreas.
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2. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
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a. Vitamin K fw
b. Vitamin D fw
c. Vitamin B6 fw
d. Niacin
ANS: f w A
Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D may
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be metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to ultraviolet light. The
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human body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 must
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be obtained from dietary sources such as meats, whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
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3. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional
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fwcomplication is most likely to develop? fw fw fw fw fw
a. Changes in dietary habits fw fw fw
b. Impaired digestion fw
c. Loss of absorptive tissue fw fw fw
d. Elimination of dietary fw fw
residue
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ANS: f w C
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of its large
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absorption surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can still
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contribute to digestion of intestinal contents. However, decreased absorption of
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nutrients and food components may result in more intestinal remains and residue. A
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patient may change dietary habits as a result of gastrointestinal discomfort experienced
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after intestinal resection, but this is not a functional complication.
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4. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the
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fw gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?
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a. Motilin
, b. Gastrin
c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: f w B
Parasympathetic innervation that causes secretion of gastrin and release of hydrochloric
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acid helps prepare the stomach for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is
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passed into the small intestine from the stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are
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secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate. They also signal
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gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, all resulting in reductions in stomach
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emptying and duodenal motility.
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Motilin is secreted from the duodenal mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying
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and intestinal motility.
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5. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to
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produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be
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improved?
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a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
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b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the
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diet fw
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
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d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
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ANS: f w B
Medium-chain fatty acids of 8 to 12 carbons can be absorbed directly by mucosal cells
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without the presence of bile. The long-chain fatty acids require micelle formation for
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absorption. Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed
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carbohydrates and fibers. As bile is produced from cholesterol, dietary restriction of
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cholesterol is negligible in regard to improvements in fat absorption.
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6. What is the function of secretin?
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a. Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility fw fw fw fw fw fw
b. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
bile fw
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
bicarbonate
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d. Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
ANS: f w C
Secretin is the hormone that works in opposition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates
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stomach digestion activities, secretin decreases gastric output and promotes pancreatic
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secretions to neutralize the acidity of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secreted when
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chyme enters the duodenum, and it is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder.
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7. Which of the following is a list of enzymes released from the pancreas?
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a. Insulin, trypsin, and secretin fw fw fw
b. Lactase, isomaltase, and dextrinase fw fw fw
c. Protease, pepsin, and gastrin fw fw fw
d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and fw fw
fw carboxypeptidase
ANS: f w D
, Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are three protein digestive enzymes secreted
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by the pancreas. Insulin is an endogenous hormone secreted by the pancreas. Secretin
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is a hormone secreted by the small intestine. Lactase and isomaltase (also known as
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dextrinase) are brush-border enzymes. Pepsin, which is a protease, and gastrin are
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hormones secreted by the stomach.
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8. In what form is dietary fat absorbed from the lumen of the intestine?
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Nutrients Raymond: Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process,
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
16th Edition
fw fw
MULTIPLE CHOICE fw
1. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid. fw
d. peptidases.
ANS: f w C
Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form by the acid
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
environment of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush border of the small
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intestine in response to the presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is secreted by the pancreas
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and activated by enterokinase. Various peptidases are secreted by the either brush
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border or the pancreas.
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2. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
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a. Vitamin K fw
b. Vitamin D fw
c. Vitamin B6 fw
d. Niacin
ANS: f w A
Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D may
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be metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to ultraviolet light. The
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human body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 must
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be obtained from dietary sources such as meats, whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
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3. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
fwcomplication is most likely to develop? fw fw fw fw fw
a. Changes in dietary habits fw fw fw
b. Impaired digestion fw
c. Loss of absorptive tissue fw fw fw
d. Elimination of dietary fw fw
residue
fw
ANS: f w C
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of its large
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
absorption surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can still
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
contribute to digestion of intestinal contents. However, decreased absorption of
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
nutrients and food components may result in more intestinal remains and residue. A
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patient may change dietary habits as a result of gastrointestinal discomfort experienced
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
after intestinal resection, but this is not a functional complication.
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
4. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
fw gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
a. Motilin
, b. Gastrin
c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: f w B
Parasympathetic innervation that causes secretion of gastrin and release of hydrochloric
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
acid helps prepare the stomach for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
passed into the small intestine from the stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate. They also signal
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, all resulting in reductions in stomach
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
emptying and duodenal motility.
fw fw fw fw
Motilin is secreted from the duodenal mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
and intestinal motility.
fw fw fw
5. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
improved?
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a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
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b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the
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diet fw
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
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d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
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ANS: f w B
Medium-chain fatty acids of 8 to 12 carbons can be absorbed directly by mucosal cells
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without the presence of bile. The long-chain fatty acids require micelle formation for
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
absorption. Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
carbohydrates and fibers. As bile is produced from cholesterol, dietary restriction of
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
cholesterol is negligible in regard to improvements in fat absorption.
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
6. What is the function of secretin?
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a. Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility fw fw fw fw fw fw
b. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
bile fw
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
bicarbonate
fw
d. Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
ANS: f w C
Secretin is the hormone that works in opposition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
stomach digestion activities, secretin decreases gastric output and promotes pancreatic
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
secretions to neutralize the acidity of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secreted when
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
chyme enters the duodenum, and it is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder.
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
7. Which of the following is a list of enzymes released from the pancreas?
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a. Insulin, trypsin, and secretin fw fw fw
b. Lactase, isomaltase, and dextrinase fw fw fw
c. Protease, pepsin, and gastrin fw fw fw
d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and fw fw
fw carboxypeptidase
ANS: f w D
, Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are three protein digestive enzymes secreted
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
by the pancreas. Insulin is an endogenous hormone secreted by the pancreas. Secretin
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
is a hormone secreted by the small intestine. Lactase and isomaltase (also known as
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
dextrinase) are brush-border enzymes. Pepsin, which is a protease, and gastrin are
fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw fw
hormones secreted by the stomach.
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8. In what form is dietary fat absorbed from the lumen of the intestine?
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