PSB FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Monism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the
same thing (PHYSIO BELIEF)
Dualism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that
interact
Infinite recursion (homunculus problem) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅there has to be a "little man" in
the head who has to have a little man etc.
Tabla Rosa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅blank slate
Genes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the inherited elements that control a characteristic
Alleles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the two forms of the gene that control the same characteristic
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a fertilized egg
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the observable features of an organism
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an organism with the same alleles for a given trait
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an organism with different alleles for a given trait
Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the allele that determines the characteristic in the
heterozygous organism
,Recessive - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the allele that is dominated by the other (only expressed if
homozygous)
Mendel's Law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(1) there are two elements for each trait in
each individual
(2) these elements separate or segregate during reproduction
(3) one element can dominate the other
Law of independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the inheritance of one gene is
independent of the inheritance of another gene (NOT HELD UP WELL, many genes are linked &
transmitted together)
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅genes make copies of themselves (ability of DNA to replicate
itself is essence of heredity)
Protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅when a gene is expressed, it synthesizes a protein, DNA
codes what kind of protein is synthesized, and that protein then has an impact on some trait
Trait expression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an interaction of genes with the environment
Rostral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅front or head
Caudal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅tail
Medial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅towards the middle
Lateral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅out to the sides
Dorsal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅to the back
, Ventral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅to the front (belly side)
Gastrula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3-layered hollow ball of cells in very early development
Endoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅innermost layer of gastrula, becomes gut and associated
organs
Mesoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅middle layer of gastrula, becomes muscle, skeleton,
cardiovascular system
Ectoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅outermost layer of gastrula, becomes skin and nervous system
Neural plate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ectoderm thickens and flattens and becomes the
Neural tube - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neural plate rolls up to become the
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neural tube forms
Proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅generation of progenitor cells that create new ones (neural
stem cells)
Migration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neuroblasts leave ventricles and go to specific areas
Aggregation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cells recognize similar cells to hook together with
Blastula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅fertilized egg divides into blastomeres, developing into the
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅change in structure and function of cell into specific
neuron
Monism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the
same thing (PHYSIO BELIEF)
Dualism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that
interact
Infinite recursion (homunculus problem) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅there has to be a "little man" in
the head who has to have a little man etc.
Tabla Rosa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅blank slate
Genes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the inherited elements that control a characteristic
Alleles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the two forms of the gene that control the same characteristic
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a fertilized egg
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the observable features of an organism
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an organism with the same alleles for a given trait
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an organism with different alleles for a given trait
Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the allele that determines the characteristic in the
heterozygous organism
,Recessive - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the allele that is dominated by the other (only expressed if
homozygous)
Mendel's Law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(1) there are two elements for each trait in
each individual
(2) these elements separate or segregate during reproduction
(3) one element can dominate the other
Law of independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the inheritance of one gene is
independent of the inheritance of another gene (NOT HELD UP WELL, many genes are linked &
transmitted together)
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅genes make copies of themselves (ability of DNA to replicate
itself is essence of heredity)
Protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅when a gene is expressed, it synthesizes a protein, DNA
codes what kind of protein is synthesized, and that protein then has an impact on some trait
Trait expression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an interaction of genes with the environment
Rostral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅front or head
Caudal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅tail
Medial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅towards the middle
Lateral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅out to the sides
Dorsal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅to the back
, Ventral - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅to the front (belly side)
Gastrula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3-layered hollow ball of cells in very early development
Endoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅innermost layer of gastrula, becomes gut and associated
organs
Mesoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅middle layer of gastrula, becomes muscle, skeleton,
cardiovascular system
Ectoderm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅outermost layer of gastrula, becomes skin and nervous system
Neural plate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ectoderm thickens and flattens and becomes the
Neural tube - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neural plate rolls up to become the
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neural tube forms
Proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅generation of progenitor cells that create new ones (neural
stem cells)
Migration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅neuroblasts leave ventricles and go to specific areas
Aggregation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cells recognize similar cells to hook together with
Blastula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅fertilized egg divides into blastomeres, developing into the
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅change in structure and function of cell into specific
neuron
