HESI:l NSG122/l NSGl 122l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Nursingl Fundamentall
Conceptsl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
Insomnial Stress
Answer:
Insomnial isl characterizedl byl difficultyl fallingl asleep,l intermittentl sleep,l orl difficultyl
maintainingl sleep,l despitel adequatel opportunityl andl circumstancesl tol sleep.
-Disruptionsl inl circadianl rhythms.l
Canl alsol occurl duringl periodsl ofl stress;l inl situationsl involvingl somel changel inl thel
normall environmentl suchl as:
shiftl workl pain,l discomfort,l orl limitedl mobility,l andl asl al resultl ofl thel sidel effectsl ofl
medications
Identifyl stress-relievingl ritualsl thatl enablel thel patientl tol falll asleepl morel easily
QUESTION
Sleepl &l Exercise
Answer:
Behaviorl therapyl includesl maintainingl regularl sleep-wakel times,l avoidingl naps,l keepingl
tol al regularl exercisel routine,l andl avoidingl caffeine,l nicotine,l andl stimulatingl activitiesl
withinl severall hoursl ofl bedtime
,QUESTION
ROMl Exercises
Answer:
Inl activel exercise,l thel patientl independentlyl movesl jointsl throughl theirl fulll rangel ofl
motionl (isotonicl exercise).l Increasesl musclel mass,l tone,l andl strengthl andl improvesl
cardiacl andl respiratoryl functioning.l Inl active-assistivel exercise,l thel nursel mayl providel
minimall support.l Passivel exercise,l thel patientl isl unablel tol movel independently,l andl thel
nursel movesl eachl jointl throughl itsl rangel ofl motion.l
-l Teachl thel patientl aboutl thel exercisel andl explainl whyl itl shouldl bel done.
-l Avoidl neckl hyperextensionl canl bel painful.
-l Returnl joinl tol normall position.
-l Usel ROMl atl leastl 2xl al dayl -l performl eachl exercisel 2-5l times.l
-l HRl andl RRl shouldl gol backl tol normall inl 3l minutes
-l Continuel exercisesl atl homel afterl beingl releasedl froml hospital.l
Bothl activel andl passivel exercisesl improvel jointl mobilityl andl increasel circulationl tol thel
affectedl part.
QUESTION
Walker-correctl use
Answer:
Wearl nonskidl shoesl orl slippers.
-l Seatedl position:l Usel thel chairl armsl forl support.l
-l Oncel standing,l placel onel handl atl al timel onl thel walkerl andl movel forwardl intol it.
-l Pushl thel walkerl forward,l keepingl thel backl upright.l
-l Placel onel legl insidel thel walker,l keepingl thel walkerl inl place.l -l Then,l stepl forwardl
withl thel remainingl legl intol thel walker,l keepingl thel walkerl still.l Repeatl thel processl byl
movingl thel walkerl forwardl again.
DOl NOTl pushl thel walkerl outl tool farl inl frontl andl leaningl overl it.l Neverl attemptl tol
usel al walkerl onl stairs.
,QUESTION
NGTl -l Aspiration
Answer:
-l Dysphagial isl anl increasedl riskl forl aspiration.
-l Dentall problemsl arel associatedl withl impairedl chewing.
-l Tipl ofl NIl tubel accidentallyl dislocatesl upwardsl intol thel stomach.l (decreasel o2,l
dyspnea,l increasedl pulsel rate)
Evidencel ofl aspirationl ofl stomachl contentl intol thel respiratoryl tract:l Wheezes,l Dyspnea,l
Fever.
-l Reportl changesl andl requestl al chestl x-ray
-l Positionl patientl onl sidel tol protectl airway
-l Suctionl nasotracheall andl orotracheallyl
-l Preparel forl possiblel antibiotics.
QUESTION
Colostomyl Gasl (foods)
Answer:
Al colostomyl permitsl formedl fecesl inl thel colonl tol exitl throughl thel stomal (thel openingl
ofl thel ostomyl attachedl tol thel skin)
Ifl youl havel al colostomyl orl ileostomy,l youl mayl havel noticedl gasl inl yourl pouch,l whichl
happensl asl yourl bowell beginsl tol functionl afterl surgery.l Gasl canl bel causedl byl thel
foodsl youl eat.
Alcohol/Beer
Carbonatedl beverages
Chewingl gum
Cucumbers
Chives
Driedl peas,l beans,l lentil
Pickles
Sauerkraut
Veggiesl (cabbage,l broccoli,l brusselsl sprouts)
Fruit
onions
, QUESTION
Constipationl Interventions
Answer:
-l Al combinationl ofl high-fiberl foodsl (20l tol 35l gl ofl fiber),
-l 60l tol 80l ozl (1.8l tol 2.4l L)l ofl fluidl daily,l
-l exercisel
Stooll softeners-l softenl stool
Emollient-l lubricantl thel intestinall tract
Metamucill (bulk)-l canl interferel withl calciuml andl iron
Stimulant-l Dycolax
Osmotic-l MiraLAX
QUESTION
Assessmentl ofl Feces
Answer:
Assessl volume,l color,l odor,l consistency,l shape,l andl anyl constituents
QUESTION
PEGl Feedings
Answer:
Whol canl placel al tubel intol thel stomach?l Al surgeonl orl Gastroenterologist.l
Insertionl ofl al PEGl tubel involvesl locall anesthesia,l passagel ofl anl endoscopel intol thel
stomach,l al smalll incisionl orl stabl woundl throughl thel skinl ofl thel abdomen,l pushingl al
cannulal throughl thel smalll incision,l insertionl ofl al guidel wirel orl suturel materiall throughl
thel cannula
2026l Update)l Nursingl Fundamentall
Conceptsl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
Insomnial Stress
Answer:
Insomnial isl characterizedl byl difficultyl fallingl asleep,l intermittentl sleep,l orl difficultyl
maintainingl sleep,l despitel adequatel opportunityl andl circumstancesl tol sleep.
-Disruptionsl inl circadianl rhythms.l
Canl alsol occurl duringl periodsl ofl stress;l inl situationsl involvingl somel changel inl thel
normall environmentl suchl as:
shiftl workl pain,l discomfort,l orl limitedl mobility,l andl asl al resultl ofl thel sidel effectsl ofl
medications
Identifyl stress-relievingl ritualsl thatl enablel thel patientl tol falll asleepl morel easily
QUESTION
Sleepl &l Exercise
Answer:
Behaviorl therapyl includesl maintainingl regularl sleep-wakel times,l avoidingl naps,l keepingl
tol al regularl exercisel routine,l andl avoidingl caffeine,l nicotine,l andl stimulatingl activitiesl
withinl severall hoursl ofl bedtime
,QUESTION
ROMl Exercises
Answer:
Inl activel exercise,l thel patientl independentlyl movesl jointsl throughl theirl fulll rangel ofl
motionl (isotonicl exercise).l Increasesl musclel mass,l tone,l andl strengthl andl improvesl
cardiacl andl respiratoryl functioning.l Inl active-assistivel exercise,l thel nursel mayl providel
minimall support.l Passivel exercise,l thel patientl isl unablel tol movel independently,l andl thel
nursel movesl eachl jointl throughl itsl rangel ofl motion.l
-l Teachl thel patientl aboutl thel exercisel andl explainl whyl itl shouldl bel done.
-l Avoidl neckl hyperextensionl canl bel painful.
-l Returnl joinl tol normall position.
-l Usel ROMl atl leastl 2xl al dayl -l performl eachl exercisel 2-5l times.l
-l HRl andl RRl shouldl gol backl tol normall inl 3l minutes
-l Continuel exercisesl atl homel afterl beingl releasedl froml hospital.l
Bothl activel andl passivel exercisesl improvel jointl mobilityl andl increasel circulationl tol thel
affectedl part.
QUESTION
Walker-correctl use
Answer:
Wearl nonskidl shoesl orl slippers.
-l Seatedl position:l Usel thel chairl armsl forl support.l
-l Oncel standing,l placel onel handl atl al timel onl thel walkerl andl movel forwardl intol it.
-l Pushl thel walkerl forward,l keepingl thel backl upright.l
-l Placel onel legl insidel thel walker,l keepingl thel walkerl inl place.l -l Then,l stepl forwardl
withl thel remainingl legl intol thel walker,l keepingl thel walkerl still.l Repeatl thel processl byl
movingl thel walkerl forwardl again.
DOl NOTl pushl thel walkerl outl tool farl inl frontl andl leaningl overl it.l Neverl attemptl tol
usel al walkerl onl stairs.
,QUESTION
NGTl -l Aspiration
Answer:
-l Dysphagial isl anl increasedl riskl forl aspiration.
-l Dentall problemsl arel associatedl withl impairedl chewing.
-l Tipl ofl NIl tubel accidentallyl dislocatesl upwardsl intol thel stomach.l (decreasel o2,l
dyspnea,l increasedl pulsel rate)
Evidencel ofl aspirationl ofl stomachl contentl intol thel respiratoryl tract:l Wheezes,l Dyspnea,l
Fever.
-l Reportl changesl andl requestl al chestl x-ray
-l Positionl patientl onl sidel tol protectl airway
-l Suctionl nasotracheall andl orotracheallyl
-l Preparel forl possiblel antibiotics.
QUESTION
Colostomyl Gasl (foods)
Answer:
Al colostomyl permitsl formedl fecesl inl thel colonl tol exitl throughl thel stomal (thel openingl
ofl thel ostomyl attachedl tol thel skin)
Ifl youl havel al colostomyl orl ileostomy,l youl mayl havel noticedl gasl inl yourl pouch,l whichl
happensl asl yourl bowell beginsl tol functionl afterl surgery.l Gasl canl bel causedl byl thel
foodsl youl eat.
Alcohol/Beer
Carbonatedl beverages
Chewingl gum
Cucumbers
Chives
Driedl peas,l beans,l lentil
Pickles
Sauerkraut
Veggiesl (cabbage,l broccoli,l brusselsl sprouts)
Fruit
onions
, QUESTION
Constipationl Interventions
Answer:
-l Al combinationl ofl high-fiberl foodsl (20l tol 35l gl ofl fiber),
-l 60l tol 80l ozl (1.8l tol 2.4l L)l ofl fluidl daily,l
-l exercisel
Stooll softeners-l softenl stool
Emollient-l lubricantl thel intestinall tract
Metamucill (bulk)-l canl interferel withl calciuml andl iron
Stimulant-l Dycolax
Osmotic-l MiraLAX
QUESTION
Assessmentl ofl Feces
Answer:
Assessl volume,l color,l odor,l consistency,l shape,l andl anyl constituents
QUESTION
PEGl Feedings
Answer:
Whol canl placel al tubel intol thel stomach?l Al surgeonl orl Gastroenterologist.l
Insertionl ofl al PEGl tubel involvesl locall anesthesia,l passagel ofl anl endoscopel intol thel
stomach,l al smalll incisionl orl stabl woundl throughl thel skinl ofl thel abdomen,l pushingl al
cannulal throughl thel smalll incision,l insertionl ofl al guidel wirel orl suturel materiall throughl
thel cannula
