Cardiovascular Physiology Exam 1
Questions & Answers
Functions of CV System - ANS-1. Transport/Exchange
Deliver 02, substrates, hormones, etc
Removal of metabolic waste (CO2 and Heat)
2. Maintenance of homeostasis
Maintain fluid balance
Maintain acid-base balance
3.Protection
Hemostasis to prevent blood loss
Immune function (lymphocytes + lymphatic system)
Components of the CV system - ANS-Hear, Vasculature, and Blood
What is the high pressure circuit - ANS-Systemic circulation
What is the low pressure circuit - ANS-Pulmonary circulation
Describe the pumping action of the heart - ANS-Squeezes
Shortens longitudinally
Twists
Location of cardiac muscle - ANS-Muscles of the heart (myocardium) and adjacent
portions of the great vessels (aorta, vena cava)
Appearance of cardiac muscle - ANS-Branching and anastomosing shorter fibers with
transverse striations running parallel and connected end-to-end by complex junctions
(intercalated discs); single, central nucleus
Type of activity cardiac muscle - ANS-Strong, quick continuous rhythmic contraction;
pumps blood from the heart
Stimulation of cardiac muscle - ANS-Involuntary; intrinsically stimulated and
propagated; rate and strength of contraction modified by the autonomic nervous system
Location of smooth muscle - ANS-Walls of hollow viscera and blood vessels, iris, and
ciliary body of eye; attached to hair follicles
Appearance of smooth muscle - ANS-Single or agglomerated small, spindle-shaped
fiers without striations; single, central nucleus
, Type of activity smooth muscle - ANS-Weak, slow, rhythmic, or sustained tonic
contractions; acts mainly to propel substances (peristalsis) and restrict flow
(vasoconstriction and sphincteric activity)
Stimulation of smooth muscle - ANS-Involuntary by autonomic nervous system
Myocardial substrate metabolism at rest - ANS-Mainly uses fatty acids
Some glucose + glycogen use
Very little use of lactate
Myocardial substrate metabolism during moderate exercise - ANS-Relatively even
distribution
Glucose/glycogen, fatty acids, lactate (least to greatest)
Myocardial substrate metabolism during intense exercise - ANS-Mainly uses lactate
Small use of fatty acids
Even less use of glucose + glycogen
What is the hearts preferred substrate - ANS-Will primarily use lactate whenever
available
However lactate is usually only available during exercise, especially intense exercise.
Distribution of Blood at Rest - ANS-Primarily in systemic circulation, specifically in veins
(64%)
Blood pressure in the vasculature from highest to lowest - ANS-Aorta, arteries,
arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
Is BP higher in systolic or diastolic - ANS-Systolic
Blood makes up what percent of body weight? - ANS-8%
What constitutes the blood? - ANS-55% Plasma
45% Formed Elements
What is plasma? - ANS-91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What are formed elements? - ANS-Erythrocytes (4.2-6.2 MM)
Leukocytes (5-9 K)
Platelets (140-340 K)
What is the most abundant protein in the plasma - ANS-Albumins (57%)
Questions & Answers
Functions of CV System - ANS-1. Transport/Exchange
Deliver 02, substrates, hormones, etc
Removal of metabolic waste (CO2 and Heat)
2. Maintenance of homeostasis
Maintain fluid balance
Maintain acid-base balance
3.Protection
Hemostasis to prevent blood loss
Immune function (lymphocytes + lymphatic system)
Components of the CV system - ANS-Hear, Vasculature, and Blood
What is the high pressure circuit - ANS-Systemic circulation
What is the low pressure circuit - ANS-Pulmonary circulation
Describe the pumping action of the heart - ANS-Squeezes
Shortens longitudinally
Twists
Location of cardiac muscle - ANS-Muscles of the heart (myocardium) and adjacent
portions of the great vessels (aorta, vena cava)
Appearance of cardiac muscle - ANS-Branching and anastomosing shorter fibers with
transverse striations running parallel and connected end-to-end by complex junctions
(intercalated discs); single, central nucleus
Type of activity cardiac muscle - ANS-Strong, quick continuous rhythmic contraction;
pumps blood from the heart
Stimulation of cardiac muscle - ANS-Involuntary; intrinsically stimulated and
propagated; rate and strength of contraction modified by the autonomic nervous system
Location of smooth muscle - ANS-Walls of hollow viscera and blood vessels, iris, and
ciliary body of eye; attached to hair follicles
Appearance of smooth muscle - ANS-Single or agglomerated small, spindle-shaped
fiers without striations; single, central nucleus
, Type of activity smooth muscle - ANS-Weak, slow, rhythmic, or sustained tonic
contractions; acts mainly to propel substances (peristalsis) and restrict flow
(vasoconstriction and sphincteric activity)
Stimulation of smooth muscle - ANS-Involuntary by autonomic nervous system
Myocardial substrate metabolism at rest - ANS-Mainly uses fatty acids
Some glucose + glycogen use
Very little use of lactate
Myocardial substrate metabolism during moderate exercise - ANS-Relatively even
distribution
Glucose/glycogen, fatty acids, lactate (least to greatest)
Myocardial substrate metabolism during intense exercise - ANS-Mainly uses lactate
Small use of fatty acids
Even less use of glucose + glycogen
What is the hearts preferred substrate - ANS-Will primarily use lactate whenever
available
However lactate is usually only available during exercise, especially intense exercise.
Distribution of Blood at Rest - ANS-Primarily in systemic circulation, specifically in veins
(64%)
Blood pressure in the vasculature from highest to lowest - ANS-Aorta, arteries,
arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
Is BP higher in systolic or diastolic - ANS-Systolic
Blood makes up what percent of body weight? - ANS-8%
What constitutes the blood? - ANS-55% Plasma
45% Formed Elements
What is plasma? - ANS-91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What are formed elements? - ANS-Erythrocytes (4.2-6.2 MM)
Leukocytes (5-9 K)
Platelets (140-340 K)
What is the most abundant protein in the plasma - ANS-Albumins (57%)
