EOSC 114 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A
mass extinction - Answers -✔✔ crisis that affects life right across the planet
-consider all life on earth as being part of the biosphere
biosphere - Answers -✔✔ thin layer of life that exists on the surface
principle of superposition - Answers -✔✔ fundamental principle of the study of rock
laters, states that in a succession of layered rocks, the rocks get older as you go down
principle of faunal succession - Answers -✔✔ strata of like age can be recognized by
the fossils they contain, if they're from across the world
-each fossil species has a range through geological time
principles of biostratigraphy - Answers -✔✔ 1. principle of superposition
2. principle of faunal succession
range - Answers -✔✔ each fossil species has this through geological time. it exists in
the geological record from the point that it evolves to the point that it becomes extinct
ga - Answers -✔✔ billions of years ago
ma - Answers -✔✔ millions of years ago
eons - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
1. precambrian
2. phanerozenic
eras - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
*represent group of geological periods - major change in earths biosphere)
1. archean (oldest)
2. proterozoic
3. paleozoic
4. mesozoic
5. cenozoic
periods - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
*start in Paleozoic era*
1. cambrian
,2. ordovician
3. silurian
4. devonian
5. carboniferous
6. permian
7. triassic
8. jurrasic
9. cretaceous
10. paleogene
11. neogene (youngest)
time scale - Answers -✔✔ (biggest to smallest)
1. Eons
2. Eras
3. Periods
dinosaurs period - Answers -✔✔ Eon: phanerozoic
Era: Mesozoic
Period: from beginning of Triassic (251 Ma) to the ending of Cretaceous (65 Ma)
earths age - Answers -✔✔ 4.5 Ga (billion yrs old)
mass extinction components - Answers -✔✔ 1. at least 30% of earths species must be
lost
2. it must be a broad range of ecologies, not just one niche
3. must have a short/sudden duration (around 1 million yrs maximum)
big 5 extinctions - Answers -✔✔ 1. Cretaceous/Paleogene (tertiary) (K/PG) - 65 Ma
2. Late Triassic - 205 Ma
3. Permo/ Triassic - 251 Ma
4. Late Devonian - 360-375 Ma
5. Late Ordovician - 440-450 Ma
asteroids - Answers -✔✔ mostly found in a belt between the orbit of mars and jupiter
some are solid, rocky to metallic while others are little more than "rubble piles" in space
mass extinction biological cause - Answers -✔✔ 1. competition between creatures
occupying same niche
2. predation
3. pathogens
mass extinction earth based causes - Answers -✔✔ 1. changes in continental
configuration (changes in climate, ocean cyclicality, sea level) (greater the land mass,
the lower the diversity)
2. changes in the atmosphere
, 3. extraterrestrial impacts
4. combination of many factors
permo triassic extinction - Answers -✔✔ "worst day for biosphere" - 95-98% of all
species went extinct (251 Ma)
CAUSES:
1. continental configuration (pangaea super continent) (drop in biodiversity)
2. sea level fall (less ocean ridge activity)
3. oceanic stagnation
4. climate change
5. siberian traps
6. possible impacts
siberian traps - Answers -✔✔ massive volcanic activity from russia
cretaceous paleogene extinction - Answers -✔✔ (K/Pg)
over 50% of all species went extinct INCLUDING DINOSAURS - 80-90% of all marine
species
-under 25 kgs mainly
CAUSES:
-K/Pg impact/ chicxulub crater
k pg impact - Answers -✔✔ (louis and walter alvarez)
iridium exists in higher concentrations from extra-terrestrial objects (like asteroids)
-these scientists suggest that iridium rich soil was from an asteroid, ultimately being
responsible for the extinction of the Crecetious
k pg impact evidence - Answers -✔✔ 1. fern spores vs pollen
2. tektites
3. shocked quartz
4. tsunami deposits
tektites - Answers -✔✔ little pieces of the crater composed of natural gas that is ejected
from the crater
chicxulub crater - Answers -✔✔ big crater that could be linked to K/Pg impact and
extinction
comets - Answers -✔✔ may be responsible for bringing lots of the water and organic
compounds to the earth
chicxulub short term effects - Answers -✔✔ (seconds to days)
1. everything close would be vaporized
2. massive forest fires (from intense heat and hot debris)
3. massive tsunami, impact occurred partly in the ocean
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A
mass extinction - Answers -✔✔ crisis that affects life right across the planet
-consider all life on earth as being part of the biosphere
biosphere - Answers -✔✔ thin layer of life that exists on the surface
principle of superposition - Answers -✔✔ fundamental principle of the study of rock
laters, states that in a succession of layered rocks, the rocks get older as you go down
principle of faunal succession - Answers -✔✔ strata of like age can be recognized by
the fossils they contain, if they're from across the world
-each fossil species has a range through geological time
principles of biostratigraphy - Answers -✔✔ 1. principle of superposition
2. principle of faunal succession
range - Answers -✔✔ each fossil species has this through geological time. it exists in
the geological record from the point that it evolves to the point that it becomes extinct
ga - Answers -✔✔ billions of years ago
ma - Answers -✔✔ millions of years ago
eons - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
1. precambrian
2. phanerozenic
eras - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
*represent group of geological periods - major change in earths biosphere)
1. archean (oldest)
2. proterozoic
3. paleozoic
4. mesozoic
5. cenozoic
periods - Answers -✔✔ (oldest to youngest)
*start in Paleozoic era*
1. cambrian
,2. ordovician
3. silurian
4. devonian
5. carboniferous
6. permian
7. triassic
8. jurrasic
9. cretaceous
10. paleogene
11. neogene (youngest)
time scale - Answers -✔✔ (biggest to smallest)
1. Eons
2. Eras
3. Periods
dinosaurs period - Answers -✔✔ Eon: phanerozoic
Era: Mesozoic
Period: from beginning of Triassic (251 Ma) to the ending of Cretaceous (65 Ma)
earths age - Answers -✔✔ 4.5 Ga (billion yrs old)
mass extinction components - Answers -✔✔ 1. at least 30% of earths species must be
lost
2. it must be a broad range of ecologies, not just one niche
3. must have a short/sudden duration (around 1 million yrs maximum)
big 5 extinctions - Answers -✔✔ 1. Cretaceous/Paleogene (tertiary) (K/PG) - 65 Ma
2. Late Triassic - 205 Ma
3. Permo/ Triassic - 251 Ma
4. Late Devonian - 360-375 Ma
5. Late Ordovician - 440-450 Ma
asteroids - Answers -✔✔ mostly found in a belt between the orbit of mars and jupiter
some are solid, rocky to metallic while others are little more than "rubble piles" in space
mass extinction biological cause - Answers -✔✔ 1. competition between creatures
occupying same niche
2. predation
3. pathogens
mass extinction earth based causes - Answers -✔✔ 1. changes in continental
configuration (changes in climate, ocean cyclicality, sea level) (greater the land mass,
the lower the diversity)
2. changes in the atmosphere
, 3. extraterrestrial impacts
4. combination of many factors
permo triassic extinction - Answers -✔✔ "worst day for biosphere" - 95-98% of all
species went extinct (251 Ma)
CAUSES:
1. continental configuration (pangaea super continent) (drop in biodiversity)
2. sea level fall (less ocean ridge activity)
3. oceanic stagnation
4. climate change
5. siberian traps
6. possible impacts
siberian traps - Answers -✔✔ massive volcanic activity from russia
cretaceous paleogene extinction - Answers -✔✔ (K/Pg)
over 50% of all species went extinct INCLUDING DINOSAURS - 80-90% of all marine
species
-under 25 kgs mainly
CAUSES:
-K/Pg impact/ chicxulub crater
k pg impact - Answers -✔✔ (louis and walter alvarez)
iridium exists in higher concentrations from extra-terrestrial objects (like asteroids)
-these scientists suggest that iridium rich soil was from an asteroid, ultimately being
responsible for the extinction of the Crecetious
k pg impact evidence - Answers -✔✔ 1. fern spores vs pollen
2. tektites
3. shocked quartz
4. tsunami deposits
tektites - Answers -✔✔ little pieces of the crater composed of natural gas that is ejected
from the crater
chicxulub crater - Answers -✔✔ big crater that could be linked to K/Pg impact and
extinction
comets - Answers -✔✔ may be responsible for bringing lots of the water and organic
compounds to the earth
chicxulub short term effects - Answers -✔✔ (seconds to days)
1. everything close would be vaporized
2. massive forest fires (from intense heat and hot debris)
3. massive tsunami, impact occurred partly in the ocean
