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Samenvatting - Organische Chemie

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Samenvatting van alle hoofdstukken uit organische chemie. 1ste jaar BMLT

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HOOFDSTUK 1: ALGEMENE
BEGRIPPEN
1.1 KOOLSTOFVERBINDINGEN
- Hoofdzakelijk opgebouwd uit beperkt aantal elementen: C, H, O, N, S, P, …
- Bevatten voornamelijk atoombindingen
- Kunnen veel atomen bevatten = macromoleculen
- Bestaan uit zeer veel verschillende atomen

Dit komt door

- Voorkomen van MAX. 4 bindingspartners rond elk C-atoom
- Verschillende bindingsmogelijkheden -> verschillende hybridisatievormen

SG = aantal bindingspartner + aantal vrije elektronen

Enkelvoudige binding = sigma = covalente binding

Dubbele binding = sigma + pi

Driedubbele binding = sigma + 2 pi




1.2 SOORTEN VERBINDINGEN
- Acyclische verbindingen = C-atomen onderling binden + ketens vormen (vertakt
of niet-vertakt)
- Cyclische verbindingen = gesloten of ringvormige ketens (alicyclisch of
aromatisch)

Acyclisch: cyclisch:

, Carbocyclische verbindingen = enkel C-atomen in ring

Heterocyclische verbindingen = ook andere atomen in ring

1.3 FORMULES

MOLECUULFORMULE OF BRUTOFORMULE
- Slechts info over aantal + soort atomen
- Geen info over rangschikking
- Alfabetische gerangrschikt

STRUCTUURFORMULE
- Info over aantal + soort atomen
- Info over rangschikking

3D MOLECUULMODEL
- Info over aantal + soort atomen
- Info over rangschikking + rekening met bindingshoeken

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