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Samenvatting - Celbiologie 2

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Samenvatting Celbiologie 2 van de powerpoints. 1ste jaar BMLT

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HOOFDSTUK 1: ATOMEN
1. BASISMOLECULEN

- 20tal essentiële atomen voor de mens

WATER

- Hoofdbestandsdeel van menselijk lichaam + belangrijkste molecule

- = anorganisch
o Polair
o Sterke interacties, hoog kookpunt (100°)
o Waterstofbindingen
o Solvent, oplosmiddel
o Koelvloeistof
o Transportmiddel

- In water kunnen sommige stoffen:
o Hydrofiel: aangetrokken door watermoleculen -> neiging om op te lossen in water
o Hydrofoob: geen waterstofbruggen vormen met water -> lossen niet goed op in water

o Transport hangt af van oplosbaarheid
▪ Oplosbaar: NaCl, zuurstof, glucose, aminozuren
▪ Onoplosbaar: lipiden (vormen lipoproteïnen om wel oplosbaar te zijn
- Fysische eigenschappen van water -> fundamenteel belang voor ontstaan van leven -> kristalstructuur
van water: ijs drijft -> creëren van isolerende laag -> organismen kunnen blijven leven
o Vanderwaalskrachten -> aanwezig in water en waterstofbindingen -> gekko loopt op muren
en plafond -> unieke haarstructuur op poten

MINERALEN

- Calcium, fosfor, kalium, chloride, natrium, magnesium, ijzer
o In stand houden elektrolytenbalans
o Ontstaan membraanpotentiaal
- Organische stoffen komen alleen voor in organismen en worden door organismen gebruikt als
energiebron

UREUM

- = afbraakproduct van eiwitten uit lever
- Hoofdcomponent = urine
- H4N2CO
- 2 ammoniak en zuurstof




1

, HOOFDSTUK 2: SACHARIDEN
1. DEFINITIE

- Andere naamgevingen:
o Koolhydraten, carbohydraat, glucide
- Koolstof, waterstof, zuurstof
- Monosachariden en enkelvoudige suikers
o 5 tot 6 C-atomen
• C6H12O6 / (CH2O)n
- = polyhydroxyaldehyden, polyhydroxyketonen
- Hydroxylgroep (-OH), carbonylgroep (-CO)

- Eindigt op -> ose
Hexose (6C) – pentose (5C) – heptose (7C)
- Pentosen en hexosen -> cyclische vorm

2. BELANG EN OORSPRONG

- Functie
o Energie, structuur, metabolisch intermediair, energieopslag
- Oorsprong
o Suikers, zetmeel

- Fotosynthese: koolstofdioxide -> sachariden
o Verschillende bladkleuren gebruiken verschillende golflengtes

- Verschillende suikers
o Cellulose: celwanden en houtvezels in planten
o Zetmeel: energiereserves in planten
o Suikers: sacharose (gewone suiker), glucose (component bloed), ribose (RNA), deoxyribose
(DNA), dideoxyribose (moleculaire biologische processen)

3. OPTISCHE ISOMERIE

- = trillingsvak van monochromatisch licht draaien

- Chirale molecule noodzakelijk (4 verschillende groepen rond C)
o L, S = linksdraaiend -OH staat links
o D, R = rechtsdraaien -OH staat rechts
- D-variant bij suikers!! L-variant bij aminozuren!!




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