BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 exam Questions and Correct Answers

BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 exam Questions and Correct Answers Define Oscillation - ANSWER-A regularly repeating motion about central value .Define the energy level of an electron. - ANSWER-One of the fixed, allowed, values of energy for an electron that is bound to an atom. .Define the term 'action potential - ANSWER-The impulse passed along the axon .Define the term 'resting potential - ANSWER-When the neurone is not transmitting an action potential. During this time the K+/Na+ pump is at work .Define the term 'synapse' - ANSWER-The small gap in between the axon terminal of one neurone and the dendrite of the next neurone .Define the term atomic radius - ANSWER-The distance between the nucleus of an atom and the outermost electron .Define the term Avogadro's Constant - ANSWER-The number of atoms in a mole of a given substance. Quoted as 6.02x10^23 .Define the term covalent bond - ANSWER-A shared pair of electrons .Define the term displacement - ANSWER-When a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a molecule .Define the term ductility - ANSWER-How easily a material can be drawn into wires .Define the term electronegativity - ANSWER-A measure of how well an atom attracts a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond .Define the term exocytosis - ANSWER-The release of the acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. This then diffuses across the synapse. .Define the term first ionisation energy - ANSWER-The energy required to remove the outermost electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous +1 ions .Define the term ionic bond - ANSWER-The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions .Define the term malleability - ANSWER-How easily a material can be hammered into shape .Define the term oxidation - ANSWER-Oxidation is loss of electrons .Define the term oxidising agent - ANSWER-An oxidising agent is something that gains electrons .Define the term reducing agent - ANSWER-A reducing agent is something that loses electrons .Define the term reduction - ANSWER-Reduction is gain of electrons .Define the term relative atomic mass - ANSWER-The average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th the relative atomic mass of Carbon12 .Describe columnar epithelial tissue - ANSWER-Column shaped ciliated cells and goblet cells held in place by a membrane .Describe squamous epithelial tissue - ANSWER-A lining tissue that is only one cell thick. Made from squamous cells that form a smooth, flat layer. .Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - ANSWER-Closely packed together Chloroplasts Large vacuole .Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell - ANSWER-Root hair shape Large vacuole Thin cellulose walls .Describe the adaptations of egg cells - ANSWER-Contains a haploid nucleus Protective outer layer (zona pellucida) Corona radiata .Describe the adaptations of red blood cells - ANSWER-No nucleus (mammals only) Biconcave shape Haemoglobin Flexible .Describe the adaptations of white blood cells - ANSWER-Multi-lobed nucleus Enzymes found within the lysosomes .Describe the axon - ANSWER-A long single fibre that carries nerve impulses .Describe the change in colour as you go down group 7 - ANSWER-They become darker as you go down the group .Describe the change in state as you go down group 7 - ANSWER-The trend is they become more solid (i.e. fluorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid) .Describe the characteristics of fast glycolytic twitch muscle fibres - ANSWER-Few mitochondria and capillaries Less myoglobin Large concentration of glycogen for anaerobic respiration .Describe the characteristics of fast oxidative muscle fibres - ANSWER-Similar to slow twitch with many mitochondria, myoglobin and capillaries Hydrolyse ATP faster to contract more quickly .Describe the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres - ANSWER-Less sarcoplasmic reticulum (specialised ER) More mitochondria More myoglobin A dense capillary network .Describe the dendrites - ANSWER-Highly branched fibres that conduct impulses .Describe the differences between myelinated and non-myelinated cells - ANSWER-Myelinated cells are longer and can transmit impulses faster down the axon .Describe the function of the amyoplasts - ANSWER-Stores starch and converts starch back into glucose when the plant needs energy .Describe the function of the cell wall - ANSWER-Provides rigidity and protection to the cell .Describe the function of the chloroplasts - ANSWER-Site of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll .Describe the function of the cytoplasm - ANSWER-Where all of the chemical reactions occur .Describe the function of the nucleolus - ANSWER-Produces ribosomes and RNA .Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - ANSWER-A channel through the cell wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to another .Describe the function of the tonoplasts - ANSWER-Membrane the surrounds the vacuole. Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water flow in and out of the vacuole .Describe the function of the vacuole - ANSWER-Stores water and chemicals for cell use. Also maintains turgor of cell .Describe the function of the vesicles - ANSWER-Transport materials in the cell and out of the cell .Describe the myelin sheath - ANSWER-A thick insulating layer around the axon .Describe the nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-Gap in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed .Describe the Schwann Cell - ANSWER-A cell wrapped around the axon, forming the myelin sheath .Describe the structure of endothelial tissue - ANSWER-A layer of flattened cells, one layer thick .Describe the trend in atomic radius across a period - ANSWER-Atomic radius decreases .Describe the trend in atomic radius down any group - ANSWER-Atomic radius increases .Describe the trend in electronegativity across a period - ANSWER-Electronegativity increases across a period