NR509 MIDTERM EXAM GUIDE LATEST VERSION FOR 2024_2025
Question and answer exam approach.
1)Cause of saddle numbness and urinary retention
Cauda equina syndrome
2)Presentation of retinal detachment
If sudden visual loss is unilateral and painless,
3) Obtunded
patient opens the eyes and looks at you but responds slowly and is somewhat confused.
Alertness and interest in the environment are decreased.
4.Cranial nerve for lateral gaze
CN6: Abducens
Adult Illnesses
5)Medical: Illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis, asthma, and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV); hospitalizations; number and gender of sexual partners; and risk-
taking sexual practices
■ Surgical: Dates, indications, and types of operations
,■ Obstetric/Gynecologic: Obstetric history, menstrual history, methods of contraception, and
sexual function
■ Psychiatric: Illness and time frame, diagnoses, hospitalizations, and treatments
Present Illness
chronologic description of the problems prompting the patient's visit, including the onset of the
problem, the setting in which it developed, its manifestations, and any treatments to date.Each
problem/symptom needs: (1) location; (2) quality; (3) quantity or severity; (4) timing, including
onset, duration, and frequency; (5) the setting in which it occurs; (6) factors that have
aggravated
-meds, allergies, tobacco use, ETOH and drug use
Absence of red reflex
an opacity of the lens (cataract) or, possibly, the vitreous (or even an artificial eye). Less
commonly, a detached retina or, in children, a retinoblastoma may obscure this reflex.
S/S of seasonal allergies
Itching, watery eyes, sneezing, ear congestion, postnasal drainage
Presentation of optic neuritis
Enlarged blind spot, vision loss in 1 eye, loss of color vision, hole in center of vision, trouble
seeing to the side, eye pain
, pityriasis rosea
Multiple round to oval scaling violaceous plaques on abdomen and back
Acromion
tip of shoulder
What to do for + finding on physical exam, but - workup
continue using test, but less lab and diagnostics
Cause of falsely high BP
-too small of a BP cuff
- if the brachial artery is below heart level
- loose cuff
- bladder that balloons outside the cuff
Check for nystagmus
-involuntary jerking movement of the eyes with quick and slow components.
- It is named for the direction of the quick component
- seen in cerebellar disease and vestibular disorders and in internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Jaundice
Question and answer exam approach.
1)Cause of saddle numbness and urinary retention
Cauda equina syndrome
2)Presentation of retinal detachment
If sudden visual loss is unilateral and painless,
3) Obtunded
patient opens the eyes and looks at you but responds slowly and is somewhat confused.
Alertness and interest in the environment are decreased.
4.Cranial nerve for lateral gaze
CN6: Abducens
Adult Illnesses
5)Medical: Illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis, asthma, and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV); hospitalizations; number and gender of sexual partners; and risk-
taking sexual practices
■ Surgical: Dates, indications, and types of operations
,■ Obstetric/Gynecologic: Obstetric history, menstrual history, methods of contraception, and
sexual function
■ Psychiatric: Illness and time frame, diagnoses, hospitalizations, and treatments
Present Illness
chronologic description of the problems prompting the patient's visit, including the onset of the
problem, the setting in which it developed, its manifestations, and any treatments to date.Each
problem/symptom needs: (1) location; (2) quality; (3) quantity or severity; (4) timing, including
onset, duration, and frequency; (5) the setting in which it occurs; (6) factors that have
aggravated
-meds, allergies, tobacco use, ETOH and drug use
Absence of red reflex
an opacity of the lens (cataract) or, possibly, the vitreous (or even an artificial eye). Less
commonly, a detached retina or, in children, a retinoblastoma may obscure this reflex.
S/S of seasonal allergies
Itching, watery eyes, sneezing, ear congestion, postnasal drainage
Presentation of optic neuritis
Enlarged blind spot, vision loss in 1 eye, loss of color vision, hole in center of vision, trouble
seeing to the side, eye pain
, pityriasis rosea
Multiple round to oval scaling violaceous plaques on abdomen and back
Acromion
tip of shoulder
What to do for + finding on physical exam, but - workup
continue using test, but less lab and diagnostics
Cause of falsely high BP
-too small of a BP cuff
- if the brachial artery is below heart level
- loose cuff
- bladder that balloons outside the cuff
Check for nystagmus
-involuntary jerking movement of the eyes with quick and slow components.
- It is named for the direction of the quick component
- seen in cerebellar disease and vestibular disorders and in internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Jaundice
