Dreams Final Study Guide
★ PSYCHOLOGY ↷
● Psyche: “Soul” or mind”; it includes our conscious (known things) and unconscious
(unknown things).
● Psychology: The study of the mind, mental processes, personality, psyche, and soul.
○ Depth Psychology (Jung): Focuses on the unconscious mind.
■ REMINDER: Depths → darker → hidden (unconscious)!
★ THE GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO REACH AUTHENTICITY!
● Neurotic: A person who has mild psychological problems.
● Psychotic: A person who has severe or chronic psychological problems.
● Personality: The distinctive patterns of behaviors that characterize each individual’s
approach to situations in their environments.
○ The Big Five Theory (OCEANS): The 5 dimensions of personalities ↴
1. Openness: “How open are you to new experiences?”
2. Conscientiousness: “How dependable are you?”
3. Extroversion: “How outgoing are you?”
4. Agreeableness: “Do you understand that others are human too?”
5. Neuroticism: “How stable/moderated are you?
, ○ Introverts: Shy or withdrawn; engage in introspection (self-examination).
○ Extroverts: Outgoing and sociable; energized by interacting with others and
external activities.
● Symbols: Representations of a concept or idea that hold meaning and help understand the
unconscious mind.
○ They occur in and out of dreams!
● Triggers: A “clue”; they can be ↴
Reading Writing
Words Songs
Images Symbols
Dance Yoga
Art Worship
● Effective behavior: Controlled, fluid behaviors that allow us to “feel good.”
● Well-adjustment: The idea that we should maximize gratification and minimize
pain/guilt.
● Focal conflict: A problem that arises when one tries to grow out of difficulties in
interpersonal relationships.
→
, ● Sigmund Freud ↴
○ Said that “human behavior is just the tip of the iceberg.”
○ Believed that many of our behaviors are propelled by the unconscious mind and
are influenced by sex (gene-programmed) and aggression (ensuring survival).
■ However, repressed feelings and thoughts will emerge regardless, mainly
through dreams, hypnosis, language, and mythology.
● Examples: Oedipus and Electra complex (reveal the existence of
unconscious conflicts).
○ Thought that dreams are the key to the past (contrary to Jung).
○ Studied dreams, hypnosis, and unconscious thoughts and introduced ↴
1. Individual unconscious: The part of our mind that we’re not aware of.
2. Theory of psychoanalysis (used to penetrate the unconscious) ↴
a. Dream analysis: A psychoanalytic technique where a person's
dreams are examined to understand their unconscious thoughts and
feelings.
i. Freud mainly focused on dialogue (talk therapy and letter
writing)
b. Free association: Stir up memories to help discover one’s
complexities.
i. It involves having a person say whatever comes to mind
(word association) to access unconscious material, reduce
it to patterns, and relate it to dreams.
3. Parts of the personality ↴
a. Id: Pleasure principle; The primitive desires and instinctive part of
the mind present since birth.
★ PSYCHOLOGY ↷
● Psyche: “Soul” or mind”; it includes our conscious (known things) and unconscious
(unknown things).
● Psychology: The study of the mind, mental processes, personality, psyche, and soul.
○ Depth Psychology (Jung): Focuses on the unconscious mind.
■ REMINDER: Depths → darker → hidden (unconscious)!
★ THE GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO REACH AUTHENTICITY!
● Neurotic: A person who has mild psychological problems.
● Psychotic: A person who has severe or chronic psychological problems.
● Personality: The distinctive patterns of behaviors that characterize each individual’s
approach to situations in their environments.
○ The Big Five Theory (OCEANS): The 5 dimensions of personalities ↴
1. Openness: “How open are you to new experiences?”
2. Conscientiousness: “How dependable are you?”
3. Extroversion: “How outgoing are you?”
4. Agreeableness: “Do you understand that others are human too?”
5. Neuroticism: “How stable/moderated are you?
, ○ Introverts: Shy or withdrawn; engage in introspection (self-examination).
○ Extroverts: Outgoing and sociable; energized by interacting with others and
external activities.
● Symbols: Representations of a concept or idea that hold meaning and help understand the
unconscious mind.
○ They occur in and out of dreams!
● Triggers: A “clue”; they can be ↴
Reading Writing
Words Songs
Images Symbols
Dance Yoga
Art Worship
● Effective behavior: Controlled, fluid behaviors that allow us to “feel good.”
● Well-adjustment: The idea that we should maximize gratification and minimize
pain/guilt.
● Focal conflict: A problem that arises when one tries to grow out of difficulties in
interpersonal relationships.
→
, ● Sigmund Freud ↴
○ Said that “human behavior is just the tip of the iceberg.”
○ Believed that many of our behaviors are propelled by the unconscious mind and
are influenced by sex (gene-programmed) and aggression (ensuring survival).
■ However, repressed feelings and thoughts will emerge regardless, mainly
through dreams, hypnosis, language, and mythology.
● Examples: Oedipus and Electra complex (reveal the existence of
unconscious conflicts).
○ Thought that dreams are the key to the past (contrary to Jung).
○ Studied dreams, hypnosis, and unconscious thoughts and introduced ↴
1. Individual unconscious: The part of our mind that we’re not aware of.
2. Theory of psychoanalysis (used to penetrate the unconscious) ↴
a. Dream analysis: A psychoanalytic technique where a person's
dreams are examined to understand their unconscious thoughts and
feelings.
i. Freud mainly focused on dialogue (talk therapy and letter
writing)
b. Free association: Stir up memories to help discover one’s
complexities.
i. It involves having a person say whatever comes to mind
(word association) to access unconscious material, reduce
it to patterns, and relate it to dreams.
3. Parts of the personality ↴
a. Id: Pleasure principle; The primitive desires and instinctive part of
the mind present since birth.
