NCTRC Exam Study Guide UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
American Recreation Society (ARS) - CORRECT ANSWER - the largest of 3 early
professional organizations that grew as TR emerged
American Association of Health, Phys. Ed., Rec., and Dance (AAHPERD) - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 of 3 early professional organizations that grew as TR emerged; had its own
chapter specifically for RT
National Association of Rec. Therapists (NART) - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest of
3 early professional organizations that grew as TR emerged
National Rec. and Parks Association (NRPA) - CORRECT ANSWER - a professional
organization developed in 1965 for promotion of parks and rec.
National TR Society (NTRS) - CORRECT ANSWER - a branch of NRPA formed
specifically for TR; first of its kind; geared toward community; dissolved in 2010
American TR Association (ATRA) - CORRECT ANSWER - a modern professional
organization for TR; adopted a philosophical statement that acknowledged role of rec. in therapy
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) - CORRECT
ANSWER - professional entity that voluntarily accredits ambulatory health care,
behavioral health facilities, critical access hospitals, home care, lab services, LTC facilities, and
office based surgeries, while also certifying disease-specific care, advanced disease specific care,
palliative care, and health care staffing services
Commission on the Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) - CORRECT
ANSWER - professional entity that accredits behavioral health facilities, opioid tx
programs, business & services mgmt. networks, child & youth services, employment &
community services, vision rehab, and medical rehab/supplies
,Multidisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
contribute to assessment, planning, and service provision, but each discipline works
independently with little communication with other disciplines; least sophisticated; least person-
centered
Interdisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
contribute to assessment, planning, and service provision with formal communication established
Transdisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
work collaboratively and team member retain autonomy; most sophisticated; most person-
centered
Task Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of identifying all necessary skills and the
SEQUENCE in which they are performed to successfully complete an experience
Activity Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of identifying each DOMAIN'S
behavioral requirements for successful participation in an activity
Intraindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves one individual,
focusing within (e.g. meditation)
Extraindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves one
individual, focusing on an object (e.g. reading)
Aggregate - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves multiple people, all
focusing on one thing (e.g. exercise class)
Interindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves competition
between 2 individuals (e.g. Battleship)
,Unilateral - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves multiple people
competing against 1 person (e.g. Tag)
Multilateral - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves group competition
with each person for themselves (e.g. Poker)
Intragroup - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves a group of people
working toward a common goal—no competition (e.g. service project)
Intergroup - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves competition
between two or more intragroups (e.g. football)
Goals - CORRECT ANSWER - broad statements of intent that identify anticipated
improvement in the client and prioritize specific areas that should be addressed; developed to
describe outcomes needed to resolve the client's limitations, or to support their abilities and
interests
Objectives - CORRECT ANSWER - small, specific stepping stones used to achieve
broader goals; identify outcomes expected by client involvement and how these outcomes will be
measured
Condition - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the condition in
which, or after which, a desired behavior should occur
Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the expected change
in behavior/desired behavior
Criterion - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the measure, or how
we'll know if the outcome has been achieved
Content Models - CORRECT ANSWER - type of practice model that identifies the "what"
or substance of TR services
, Process Models - CORRECT ANSWER - type of practice model that's more in-depth than
content models; identifies the "how" or means; procedures and tasks for designing TR services
Leisure Ability Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model; purpose is to improve
leisure lifestyle and independent functioning in leisure activities; 3 components:
1. functional intervention
2. leisure ed.
3. rec. participation
Health Protection/Health-Promotion (HP-HP) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice
model; purpose is to promote recovery and optimal health; 3 components:
1. prescriptive activities
2. recreation
3. leisure
Optimizing Lifelong Health (OLH-TR) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to achieve/maintain optimal health; 4 components:
1. selecting
2. optimizing
3. compensating
4. evaluating
Leisure and Well-Being Model (LWM) - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to promote all aspects of well-being; 2 components:
1. enhancing leisure experiences
2. developing resources
Therapeutic Recreation Outcome Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to improve overall functioning and quality of life; 3 components:
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
American Recreation Society (ARS) - CORRECT ANSWER - the largest of 3 early
professional organizations that grew as TR emerged
American Association of Health, Phys. Ed., Rec., and Dance (AAHPERD) - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 of 3 early professional organizations that grew as TR emerged; had its own
chapter specifically for RT
National Association of Rec. Therapists (NART) - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest of
3 early professional organizations that grew as TR emerged
National Rec. and Parks Association (NRPA) - CORRECT ANSWER - a professional
organization developed in 1965 for promotion of parks and rec.
National TR Society (NTRS) - CORRECT ANSWER - a branch of NRPA formed
specifically for TR; first of its kind; geared toward community; dissolved in 2010
American TR Association (ATRA) - CORRECT ANSWER - a modern professional
organization for TR; adopted a philosophical statement that acknowledged role of rec. in therapy
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) - CORRECT
ANSWER - professional entity that voluntarily accredits ambulatory health care,
behavioral health facilities, critical access hospitals, home care, lab services, LTC facilities, and
office based surgeries, while also certifying disease-specific care, advanced disease specific care,
palliative care, and health care staffing services
Commission on the Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) - CORRECT
ANSWER - professional entity that accredits behavioral health facilities, opioid tx
programs, business & services mgmt. networks, child & youth services, employment &
community services, vision rehab, and medical rehab/supplies
,Multidisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
contribute to assessment, planning, and service provision, but each discipline works
independently with little communication with other disciplines; least sophisticated; least person-
centered
Interdisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
contribute to assessment, planning, and service provision with formal communication established
Transdisciplinary - CORRECT ANSWER - a team approach in which multiple disciplines
work collaboratively and team member retain autonomy; most sophisticated; most person-
centered
Task Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of identifying all necessary skills and the
SEQUENCE in which they are performed to successfully complete an experience
Activity Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - process of identifying each DOMAIN'S
behavioral requirements for successful participation in an activity
Intraindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves one individual,
focusing within (e.g. meditation)
Extraindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves one
individual, focusing on an object (e.g. reading)
Aggregate - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves multiple people, all
focusing on one thing (e.g. exercise class)
Interindividual - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves competition
between 2 individuals (e.g. Battleship)
,Unilateral - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves multiple people
competing against 1 person (e.g. Tag)
Multilateral - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves group competition
with each person for themselves (e.g. Poker)
Intragroup - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves a group of people
working toward a common goal—no competition (e.g. service project)
Intergroup - CORRECT ANSWER - participation pattern that involves competition
between two or more intragroups (e.g. football)
Goals - CORRECT ANSWER - broad statements of intent that identify anticipated
improvement in the client and prioritize specific areas that should be addressed; developed to
describe outcomes needed to resolve the client's limitations, or to support their abilities and
interests
Objectives - CORRECT ANSWER - small, specific stepping stones used to achieve
broader goals; identify outcomes expected by client involvement and how these outcomes will be
measured
Condition - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the condition in
which, or after which, a desired behavior should occur
Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the expected change
in behavior/desired behavior
Criterion - CORRECT ANSWER - part of an objective that describes the measure, or how
we'll know if the outcome has been achieved
Content Models - CORRECT ANSWER - type of practice model that identifies the "what"
or substance of TR services
, Process Models - CORRECT ANSWER - type of practice model that's more in-depth than
content models; identifies the "how" or means; procedures and tasks for designing TR services
Leisure Ability Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model; purpose is to improve
leisure lifestyle and independent functioning in leisure activities; 3 components:
1. functional intervention
2. leisure ed.
3. rec. participation
Health Protection/Health-Promotion (HP-HP) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice
model; purpose is to promote recovery and optimal health; 3 components:
1. prescriptive activities
2. recreation
3. leisure
Optimizing Lifelong Health (OLH-TR) Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to achieve/maintain optimal health; 4 components:
1. selecting
2. optimizing
3. compensating
4. evaluating
Leisure and Well-Being Model (LWM) - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to promote all aspects of well-being; 2 components:
1. enhancing leisure experiences
2. developing resources
Therapeutic Recreation Outcome Model - CORRECT ANSWER - a practice model;
purpose is to improve overall functioning and quality of life; 3 components:
