NR 658 Exam 2 With Complete Solution

NR 658 Exam 2 With Complete Solution Example of a network model? - ANSWER-Resource allocation model .Examples of a spatio-temporal model? - ANSWER-hydrologic model, stochastic, LANDIS .Examples of interpolating by drawing boundaries - ANSWER-fixed radius/local averaging, inverse weighted distance (IWD) .Examples of interpolation using gradual change - ANSWER-Trend surface, Splines .Examples of interpolation using moving averages - ANSWER-Kriging, moving windows .four buffer types - ANSWER-simple, point, compound, nested .four local raster functions - ANSWER-mathematical, boolean, reclassification, multilayer overlay .four types of sampling - ANSWER-random, systematic, stratified, cluster .four types of spatial data accuracy - ANSWER-positional, attribute, logical, completeness .How is attribute accuracy measured? - ANSWER-An error matrix table .How many spatial operations are there? - ANSWER-100's .Manual classification vs automatic classification - ANSWER-manual- cumbersome (-), control boundaries (+) automatic- uses rules, saves time (+), do not control boundaries (-) .Obvious sources of error - ANSWER-data age, areal coverage, map scale .other names for classification - ANSWER-reclassification, recoding .processing errors - ANSWER-numeric errors, misuse of logic, classification/generalization issues .Raster vs Vector buffers - ANSWER-Raster- buffer around individual cells. Count the cells to create. Vector- buffers around points, lines, polygons. Creates POLYGONS as output. simple buffers will dissolve features if they overlap (use compound/nested instead). .Raster vs Vector overlay - ANSWER-Raster- simple (align cells). Cell size might need resample. Vector- more complex alignment (slivers) .Sources of error from natural variation - ANSWER-positional accuracy, data entry error, training .Three interpolation methods - ANSWER-Interpolation by drawing boundaries, interpolation using gradual change, methods using moving averages .three types of standards - ANSWER-data standards, analysis standards, professional or certification standards .What are four overlay tools? - ANSWER-clip- takes information from the clipped layer union- combines data from both layers where there is data intersect- combines all data from both layers erase- opposite of clip, takes out layer area .What are overlay functions? - ANSWER-Powerful spatial analysis tool that combines spatial and attribute data from two or more layers. .What are raster neighborhood operations? - ANSWER-Raster data technique that utilizes a moving window (kernel) for filtering and computing interspersion, juxtaposition, and fragmentation.