Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

17.2 Nomenclature and Physical Properties 17.3 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 17.4 Acyl Substitution: Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon 17.5 Acyl Chlorides 17.6 Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides 17.7 Esters 17.8 Amides 17.9 Derivatives of Carbonic Acid 17.10 Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids 17.12 Summary of the Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ch 18 Reactions at the a Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds: Enols and Enolates 18.1 The Acidity of the a Hydrogens of Carbonyl Compounds: Enolate Anions 18.2 Keto and Enol Tautomers 18.3 Reactions via Enols and Enolates 18.4 Lithium Enolates 18.5 Enolates of B-Dicarbonyl Compounds 18.6 Synthesis of Methyl Ketones Using Ethyl Acetoacetate: The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis 18.7 Synthesis of Substituted Acetic Acids: The Malonic Ester Synthesis 18.9 Synthesis of Enamines: Stork Enamine Reactions 18.10 Summary of Enolate Chemistry