Test Bank for Campbell Biology in Focus 4th Edition Urry
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
2) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
3) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
,4) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to
reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
5) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained
by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
6) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
,7) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
8) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
9) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
10) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
11) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For
example,plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
, B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
12) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
2) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential
reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
3) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
,4) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to
reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
5) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land
animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained
by
A) natural philosophy.
B) reductionism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1.2
6) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
,7) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
8) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
9) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.2
10) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
11) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For
example,plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
A) the energy of motion.
, B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) chemical energy.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
12) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 1.1
