1. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed metformin
for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Lactic acidosis
D. Constipation
Answer: c) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious
adverse effect. The nurse should monitor for symptoms
such as muscle pain, weakness, and respiratory distress.
2. A nurse is providing education to a client prescribed
atorvastatin. Which of the following statements indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will avoid grapefruit while taking this medication."
B. "I should report any muscle pain or weakness to my
provider."
C. "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol levels are
normal."
D. "I will have regular liver function tests."
Answer: c) "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol
levels are normal."
Rationale: Atorvastatin should be continued indefinitely to
manage cholesterol levels. Stopping the medication may
lead to an increase in cholesterol levels.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
,A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
4. A client with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.
The nurse should instruct the client to use the inhaler for
which of the following purposes?
A. To reduce inflammation
B. To relieve acute bronchospasm
C. To prevent infections
D. To prevent nocturnal symptoms
Answer: b) To relieve acute bronchospasm
Rationale: Beta-agonists are bronchodilators that provide
quick relief of acute bronchospasm in asthma patients. They
should not be used as a long-term anti-inflammatory
treatment.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of lorazepam
for anxiety. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
A. "You can drive while taking this medication."
B. "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "This medication is not habit-forming."
D. "You should take the medication on an empty stomach."
, Answer: b) "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can have
enhanced sedative effects when taken with alcohol, leading
to increased risk of respiratory depression and drowsiness.
6. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of naloxone to a
client with opioid overdose. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take?
A. Monitor the client for respiratory depression after
administration.
B. Administer the drug subcutaneously for faster action.
C. Administer naloxone only if the client is unresponsive to
pain stimuli.
D. Monitor for an increased heart rate as a sign of
effectiveness.
Answer: a) Monitor the client for respiratory depression
after administration.
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse
opioid toxicity. After administration, the nurse should
monitor the client for signs of respiratory depression and
the need for additional doses.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who has just received a dose
of methylprednisolone. The nurse should monitor the client
for which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypotension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Weight loss
Answer: b) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, can raise
blood glucose levels, potentially leading to hyperglycemia.
for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Lactic acidosis
D. Constipation
Answer: c) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious
adverse effect. The nurse should monitor for symptoms
such as muscle pain, weakness, and respiratory distress.
2. A nurse is providing education to a client prescribed
atorvastatin. Which of the following statements indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will avoid grapefruit while taking this medication."
B. "I should report any muscle pain or weakness to my
provider."
C. "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol levels are
normal."
D. "I will have regular liver function tests."
Answer: c) "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol
levels are normal."
Rationale: Atorvastatin should be continued indefinitely to
manage cholesterol levels. Stopping the medication may
lead to an increase in cholesterol levels.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
,A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
4. A client with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.
The nurse should instruct the client to use the inhaler for
which of the following purposes?
A. To reduce inflammation
B. To relieve acute bronchospasm
C. To prevent infections
D. To prevent nocturnal symptoms
Answer: b) To relieve acute bronchospasm
Rationale: Beta-agonists are bronchodilators that provide
quick relief of acute bronchospasm in asthma patients. They
should not be used as a long-term anti-inflammatory
treatment.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of lorazepam
for anxiety. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
A. "You can drive while taking this medication."
B. "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "This medication is not habit-forming."
D. "You should take the medication on an empty stomach."
, Answer: b) "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can have
enhanced sedative effects when taken with alcohol, leading
to increased risk of respiratory depression and drowsiness.
6. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of naloxone to a
client with opioid overdose. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take?
A. Monitor the client for respiratory depression after
administration.
B. Administer the drug subcutaneously for faster action.
C. Administer naloxone only if the client is unresponsive to
pain stimuli.
D. Monitor for an increased heart rate as a sign of
effectiveness.
Answer: a) Monitor the client for respiratory depression
after administration.
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse
opioid toxicity. After administration, the nurse should
monitor the client for signs of respiratory depression and
the need for additional doses.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who has just received a dose
of methylprednisolone. The nurse should monitor the client
for which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypotension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Weight loss
Answer: b) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, can raise
blood glucose levels, potentially leading to hyperglycemia.
