Test Bank For Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Jacquelyn L. Banasik Chapter 1-54|Complete Guide 2022

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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Bana
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sik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE r 7




1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a ph
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aryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysp
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hagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
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and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescr
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ibed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
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a. a sore throat. r7 r7



b. streptococcal infection. r7



c. genetic susceptibility. r7



d. pharyngitis.

ANS: B r 7



Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is t
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he manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to d
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evelop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifesta
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tion of the disease process.
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2. A 17-year-old college-
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bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an exa
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mple of r7



a. primary prevention. r7



b. secondary prevention. r7



c. tertiary prevention. r7



d. disease treatment. r7




ANS: A r 7



Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
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susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is t
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he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes reha
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bilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functionin
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g. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
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calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. r7



b. secondary prevention. r7



c. tertiary prevention. r7



d. disease treatment. r7




ANS: B r 7



Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
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prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary pre
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vention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible i
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ndividuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alle
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viate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
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disease once it has developed.
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,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium int
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ake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. r7



b. secondary prevention. r7



c. tertiary prevention. r7



d. disease treatment. r7




ANS: B r 7



Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, su
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ch as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention
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7of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary pr
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evention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and resto
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re effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it ha
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s developed.
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5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
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lowering medication. This is an example of r 7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7



a. primary prevention. r7



b. secondary prevention. r7



c. tertiary prevention. r7



d. disease treatment. r7




ANS: C r 7



Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disabilit
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y and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
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lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by alt
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ering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is t
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he early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves mana
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gement of the disease once it has developed.
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6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of thi
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s disease. This stage of illness is called the
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a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence

ANS: B r 7



Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
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appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubati
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on (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicatin
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g the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and n
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ausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent
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pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a dis
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ease, injury, or surgical operation.
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7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.




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, ANS: B r 7



A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that sp
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reads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographi
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c regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution
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pattern.

8. In r7 general, with aging, organ size and function r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7



a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. r7 r7



d. are unknown. r7




ANS: B r 7



In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well es
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tablished, is referred to as r7 r7 r7 r7



a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.

ANS: B r 7



The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well es
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tablished, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
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7agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in
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the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, re
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fers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalesc
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ence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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MULTIPLE RESPONSE r 7




1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
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(Select all that apply.) r7 r7 r7



a. gender difference. r7



b. situational factors. r7



c. normal variation. r7



d. cultural variation. r7



e. illness.

ANS: A, B, C, E r 7 r7 r7 r7



Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cel
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l count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.) r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7 r7



a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. r 7



c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.





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