• New Update: Anatomy & Physiology Proctored Exam Study Resources

1. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.

2. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).

3. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout

,Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.

4. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.

5. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Cellulitis
C. Lymphedema
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: DVT is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in
the affected leg, often in the calf, due to a blood clot in the deep
veins.

, 6. Case Study: A 40-year-old female presents with bilateral leg
swelling and fatigue. She has a history of recent cancer treatment.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Lymphedema
B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
C. Heart failure
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Answer: A. Lymphedema
Rationale: Lymphedema is a common consequence of cancer
treatments, especially if lymph nodes were removed or radiation
was used, causing fluid accumulation in the tissues.

7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.

8. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia