1. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
3. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
,C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with acute severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in the lower legs and difficulty breathing
when lying flat.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Asthma
C. Deep vein thrombosis
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: A. Congestive heart failure
Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) often presents with
edema in the lower extremities and orthopnea (difficulty
breathing when lying flat), due to fluid retention from the heart's
inability to pump effectively.
7. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
3. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
,C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with acute severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in the lower legs and difficulty breathing
when lying flat.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Asthma
C. Deep vein thrombosis
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: A. Congestive heart failure
Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) often presents with
edema in the lower extremities and orthopnea (difficulty
breathing when lying flat), due to fluid retention from the heart's
inability to pump effectively.
7. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
