1. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
2. Case Study: A 20-year-old female presents with weakness,
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
,B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
4. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with a history of
joint pain, morning stiffness, and swollen joints. Blood tests show
positive rheumatoid factor.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient's joint
symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Gout
D. Lupus
Answer: B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that
causes joint inflammation and is commonly associated with a
positive rheumatoid factor.
5. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
, 6. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with excessive thirst,
dry mouth, and frequent urination. Her blood glucose is elevated.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
leading to symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and
elevated blood glucose levels.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old female with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in the lower legs and difficulty breathing
when lying flat.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Asthma
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
2. Case Study: A 20-year-old female presents with weakness,
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
,B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
4. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with a history of
joint pain, morning stiffness, and swollen joints. Blood tests show
positive rheumatoid factor.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient's joint
symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Gout
D. Lupus
Answer: B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that
causes joint inflammation and is commonly associated with a
positive rheumatoid factor.
5. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
, 6. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with excessive thirst,
dry mouth, and frequent urination. Her blood glucose is elevated.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
leading to symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and
elevated blood glucose levels.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old female with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in the lower legs and difficulty breathing
when lying flat.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Congestive heart failure
B. Asthma
