EMS 131: EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS

EMS 131: EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS "Why is it important for EMTs to participate in quality improvement programs? - CORRECT ANSWER To identify problems and develop a plan to prevent their recurrence" "The application of oxygen for a patient who is short of breath without having to contact the physician in the emergency department is an example of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Standing orders" "You respond to a 35-year-old male patient who fell 50 feet from a bluff. Your authority to provide emergency care is an extension of the Medical Director's license to practice medicine. You are acting as a(n) ________ of the Medical Director. - CORRECT ANSWER designated agent" "What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or body substance isolation precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER Personal protective equipment" "An EMT should consider wearing protective eyewear when caring for which of these patients? - CORRECT ANSWER A patient who is actively coughing" "Your patient is a 40-year-old known diabetic who was found unconscious at work by a coworker. What type of consent allows you to treat this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER implied consent" "You arrive on the scene of a 55-year-old male patient. The patient's wife called 911 because he is having chest pains. The patient is very angry with his wife for calling 911 because he states he only has heartburn and adamantly refuses any treatment or transport. After signing the patient refusal form, the patient collapses and goes into sudden cardiac arrest. The wife is crying uncontrollably and begging you to do something. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER Provide emergency care under implied consent." "Which of the following situations BEST illustrates the act of abandonment by the EMT? - CORRECT ANSWER An EMT transports a patient to the emergency department, leaves the patient in the waiting room, but does not advise the ED staff." "Your patient is a 45-year-old man who is suffering from chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient is pale, sweaty, and seems short of breath. The patient is angry with his daughter for calling 911. He says that he had some spicy sausage for breakfast and has indigestion. Which of the following is an appropriate means of getting the patient the care he needs? - CORRECT ANSWER Try to find out why the patient does not want to go to the hospital" "Sharing information about a patient's medical history with your neighbor after you hear a call on a radio scanner would constitute which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Breach of confidentiality" "What is the distinction between anatomy and physiology? - CORRECT ANSWER Anatomy is the study of body structures, and physiology is the study of body function." "With regard to medical terminology, a prefix is: - CORRECT ANSWER added to the beginnings of roots or words to modify or qualify their meaning." "While transporting a patient with a traumatic wound to the back, you call in report to the receiving hospital over the radio. Due to radio static and background noise in the Emergency Department, the physician has had to ask you twice to repeat if the wound was superior or inferior. Why would this distinction be important? - CORRECT ANSWER The location of the wound is important in determining which types of resources to have available when the patient arrives." "A patient with bilateral femur fractures would have which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER both femurs" "The inside of a person's thigh is also known as its ________ aspect. - CORRECT ANSWER medial" "In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated? - CORRECT ANSWER Groin" "Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column? - CORRECT ANSWER Cervical Spine" "A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his pulse rate is: - CORRECT ANSWER too slow" "During which age group is the body in peak physical condition? - CORRECT ANSWER Early Adult" "Which of the following is the term used to describe an infant's reaction to his environment? - CORRECT ANSWER Temperament" "In which age group do you anticipate seeing patients who have less efficient cardiovascular systems and a reduction of previous blood volume? - CORRECT ANSWER late adult hood" "When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, how many degrees do you need to rotate the airway so the tip is pointing down into the patient's pharynx? - CORRECT ANSWER 180" "Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWER The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling." "You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: - CORRECT ANSWER leave dentures in place" "For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: - CORRECT ANSWER hypoxia." "What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status" "In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question? - CORRECT ANSWER is he breathing" "To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements? - CORRECT ANSWER Tidal volume and respiratory rate" "Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? - CORRECT ANSWER Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs." "Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with: - CORRECT ANSWER inhaled air" "Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband" "The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute. - CORRECT ANSWER 6" "Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? - CORRECT ANSWER Green and white" "At what point is the scene size-up complete? - CORRECT ANSWER At the end of the call" "At which of the following points should you begin your scene size-up? - CORRECT ANSWER As you approach the scene in the ambulance" "At the scene of a vehicle collision in which there are no apparent hazards, which of the following guidelines should be followed for establishing a danger zone? - CORRECT ANSWER The danger zone should be 50 feet in all directions." "As you are assessing a 32-year-old asthmatic woman who has called EMS due to difficulty breathing, her husband enters the home through a back door and shouts, "Get your hands off her; she doesn't need your help. She needs to be taught a lesson about her smart mouth." Which of the following is the best course of action? - CORRECT ANSWER Leave the scene and patient, then notify police." "When considering the potential for injury from a fall, which of the following is LEAST important? - CORRECT ANSWER Patient's weight" "When determining possible injuries suffered from a gunshot wound, which of the following is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The EMT must be aware that bullets cause damage in more than one way." "Which of the following BEST describes blunt-force trauma? - CORRECT ANSWER An object strikes the body, but it does not penetrate the body tissues." "In EMS, what does mental status refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER Patient's level of awareness of his surroundings" "Which of the following describes the chief complaint? - CORRECT ANSWER Reason why the patient summoned EMS" "Your patient is a 72-year-old female who has "twisted her ankle" coming down some steps. She is alert and complaining of pain in her right ankle, but she jokes about her "clumsiness." Which of the following should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Ask if the patient has pain anywhere besides her ankle." "Which of the following is NOT performed during the "Airway" phase of the primary assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER Obtaining the respiratory rate" "You are caring for a teenager who is having a severe allergic reaction. He has hives all over his stomach, is having respiratory distress, and is wheezing. After you administer oxygen, you get a set of vital signs. Medical direction has ordered you to assist with administration of his Epi-Pen®. You will monitor the success of your interventions during the: - CORRECT ANSWER reassessment." "Your patient has been hit in the arm with a baseball during practice. He is alert and oriented, complaining of pain to his left arm with obvious black discoloration of the skin. What type of assessment is called for in this situation? - CORRECT ANSWER Focused exam" "When assessing a patient who has been stabbed. Which of the following information should the EMT gain first? - CORRECT ANSWER Size and type of the knife" "Your 76-year-old female patient is having trouble breathing. When you auscultate her lungs, you hear crackles (rales) and you are concerned that she may have pulmonary edema. Her oxygen saturation is 92%, so you place her on 100% oxygen via a nonrebreather mask. Her breathing gets a little easier with the oxygen. You decide to expedite transport since she is anxious about her condition. Later, as you are completing your reassessment, you see that her respirations have slowed to 8 times per minute and she is barely staying awake. What should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Begin ventilating her with a bag-valve mask." "The ambulance is called for an assaulted patient. While transporting the patient to the hospital, the EMT notes the patient's jugular veins are flat (nondistended). Which of these is most likely the cause of this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER Blood loss" "What does distention refer to when describing your patient's abdomen? - CORRECT ANSWER Larger than normal" "If a patient complains of abdominal pain localized to a specific area of the abdomen, which of the following techniques should be used to assess the abdomen? - CORRECT ANSWER Palpate the painful area last." "Mrs. Butler is a 66-year-old woman who is complaining of chest pain. Which of the following questions would be best in helping you determine if the pain is radiating? - CORRECT ANSWER Are you having pain anywhere besides your chest?" "When using the memory aid OPQRST, which of the following questions would help you find out about P? - CORRECT ANSWER Does anything make the pain better or worse?" EMS system - CORRECT ANSWER permits patient care to begin at the scene of the injury or illness" "Levels of Training - CORRECT ANSWER EMR (Emergency Medical Responder) EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) AEMT (Advanced Emergency Medical Technician) Paramedic" "Prehospital care - CORRECT ANSWER Emergency Medical treatment given to patients before they are transported to a hospital or other facility" "Trauma center - CORRECT ANSWER For rapid surgical intervention and specialized treatment of injuries that generally exceeds hospital emergency department capabilities" "Burn center - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized treatment of serious burns, often including long-term care and rehabilization" "Obstetrical center - CORRECT ANSWER High-risk obstetric patients" "Pediatric center - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized treatment of infants and children" "Poison center - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized treatment of poisoning victims" "Stroke center - CORRECT ANSWER provide specialized care for specific acute stroke patients" "Cardiac center - CORRECT ANSWER The rapid and advanced management of patients suffering cardiac emergencies" "Hyperbaric center - CORRECT ANSWER The treatment of certain toxic exposures, diving emergencies, and other conditions" "Spine injury center - CORRECT ANSWER The management of patients with severe spine injuries" "Psychiatric center - CORRECT ANSWER To care for patients with behavioral emergencies" "Roles and Responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWER Personal safety and safety of others Patient assessment and Emergency care Safe lifting and moving Transport and transfer of care Record keeping and data collection Patient Advocacy" "Professional Attributes - CORRECT ANSWER Appearance Knowledge and Skills Physical demand" "Personal traits - CORRECT ANSWER A calm and reassuring personality Leadership ability Good judgement Good moral character Stability and adaptability Ability to listen Resourcefulness and ability to improvise Cooperativeness" "medical director - CORRECT ANSWER Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of the EMS system" "Protocols - CORRECT ANSWER A full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care; triage, treatment, transport and destination" "Off-line medical direction - CORRECT ANSWER Set of predetermined, written guidelines that allow EMTs to use their judgment to administer emergency medical care according to written guidelines without having to contact a physician." "On-line medical direction - CORRECT ANSWER Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a physician via cell phone, telephone, or radio communication prior to administering specific emergency care." "Standing orders - CORRECT ANSWER Subset of protocols that do not require real-time physician input" "Quality improvement involves - CORRECT ANSWER Document carefully Perform reviews and audits Obtain feedback Maintain equipment Participate in continuing education Maintain skills" "Five Emotional stages - CORRECT ANSWER Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance" "Dealing with dying patient, family and bystanders - CORRECT ANSWER Do everything possible to maintain the patient's dignity Show the greatest possible respect for the patient Communicate Allow family members to express themselves Listen empathetically Do not give false assurances Use a gentle tone of voice with the patient and family Take appropriate steps if the family wants to touch or the hold the body after death Do what you can to comfort the family" "Acute stress reaction - CORRECT ANSWER Results from exposure to a high-stress situation." "Delayed stress reaction - CORRECT ANSWER Reaction that occurs from exposure to a high- stress situation; however the symptoms are not evident immediately" "Cumulative stress reaction - CORRECT ANSWER Reaction is a result of constant exposure to stressful situations that build over time" "Stress management - CORRECT ANSWER Take a look at your diet Exercise more often Learn to relax Avoid self-medication" "Pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER Microorganisms that make you sick" "Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER Microscopic single-celled organisms that have the capability of reproducing on their own within a host" "Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER Microscopic single-celled organisms that cannot grow on their own but require a host cell to reproduce" "Cleaning - CORRECT ANSWER The process of washing a soiled object with soap and water" "Disinfecting - CORRECT ANSWER Includes cleaning, but also involves using a hospital grade disinfectant or germicide to many of the microorganisms" "Sterilization - CORRECT ANSWER An object is subject to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms on the surface of an object" "Hepatitis B - CORRECT ANSWER Contracted through blood and body fluids. Goes unnoticed" "Hepatitis C - CORRECT ANSWER Most common bloodline infection in the United States. Only transfers through needle stick" "Scope of practice - CORRECT ANSWER The actions and care that EMTs are legally allowed to perform by the state in which they are providing medical care" "Standard of care - CORRECT ANSWER Care that is expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when managing a patient in a smilier situation" "Duty to act - CORRECT ANSWER Legal obligation to provide service, whether you think the patient needs an ambulance or not" "Good Samaritan laws - CORRECT ANSWER Protects a person who is not being paid for his services from liability for acts performed in good faith unless those acts constitute gross negligence" "Sovereign immunity - CORRECT ANSWER Prevents persons treated by governmentally operated EMS systems from suing the government for civil liability" "Consent - CORRECT ANSWER Permission needed before providing medical care" "Expressed consent - CORRECT ANSWER Must be obtained from every conscious, mentally competent adult before treatment is started" "Implied consent - CORRECT ANSWER You assume that a patient who is unresponsive or who is not competent or who is unable to make a rational decision would consent to emergency care if he could" "Consent to treat a minor - CORRECT ANSWER Must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian or other person who has been granted limited rights of decision making" "Involuntary consent - CORRECT ANSWER Applied when you are dealing with a mentally incompetent adult or an individual who is in custody of law enforcement or is incarcerated" "Advance directive - CORRECT ANSWER Documents the wish of the chronically or terminally ill patient not to be resuscitated and legally allows the health care provider to withhold resuscitation" "DNR - CORRECT ANSWER A legal document that denies you the order to resuscitate a patient" "Living will - CORRECT ANSWER Covers more general healthcare issues, including the use of long-term life support equipment" "Durable power of attorney - CORRECT ANSWER A person who is legally empowered to make health care decisions for the signer of the document if he is unable to do so for himself" "Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Used in patients with serious or terminal illness who are not expected to survive for longer than a year" "Intentional tort - CORRECT ANSWER Action knowingly committed by an individual that is considered to be civilly wrong according to law" "Proximate cause - CORRECT ANSWER Injuries suffered by the patient were the direct result of the EMTs negligence" "Abandonment - CORRECT ANSWER Stopping treatment of the patient without transferring the care to another competent professional of an equal or higher level of training and certification or licensure" "Assault - CORRECT ANSWER Willfull threat to inflict harm on a patient" "Battery - CORRECT ANSWER The act of touching a patient unlawfully without his consent" "False imprisonment - CORRECT ANSWER Intentionally transporting a competent patient without his consent" "Defamation - CORRECT ANSWER Releasing information to the public in either a written or spoken from that is construed to be damaging to that person's character, reputation, or standing within the community" "Slander - CORRECT ANSWER Spoken form of defamation" "Libel - CORRECT ANSWER Putting a false or damaging statement in written form on social media" "Obvious signs of death - CORRECT ANSWER Decapitation Rigor mortis Decomposition of the body Dependent lividity" "Presumptive signs of death - CORRECT ANSWER Absence of pulse, breathing and breathe sounds Complete unresponsiveness to any stimuli NO eye movement or pupil response Absence of blood pressure No relaxes" “In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the development of emergency medical service standards? - CORRECT ANSWER U.S. Department of Transportation" "Which of the following agencies is responsible for establishing EMS system assessment programs? - CORRECT ANSWER National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)" "What BEST describes the level of EMS training that emphasizes activation of the EMS system and provides immediate care for life-threatening problems? - CORRECT ANSWER Emergency Medical Responder" "Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT? - CORRECT ANSWER Maintain personal health and safety" "Which of the following BEST describes a person who speaks up on behalf of the patient and supports his cause? - CORRECT ANSWER Advocate" "Which of the following is a personality trait required of EMTs? - CORRECT ANSWER Control of personal habits" "You are called to an assault on a homeless male. Dried blood from the trauma is visible around the patient's mouth and nose. During assessment, you note the patient has a productive cough. The patient says, "Don't worry, I'm not contagious. I've had this cough for a year." Describe the best approach regarding respiratory isolation. - CORRECT ANSWER Mask yourself and the patient" "Which of the following pathogens can live in dried blood for days and should be a major concern for EMS providers even while cleaning contaminated equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER Heb B" "Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding tuberculosis (TB)? - CORRECT ANSWER A tuberculin skin test can detect TB exposure." "When covering a patient's mouth and nose with a mask of any kind, which of the following is the primary risk? - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructing the ability to visualize and protect the airway" "When the potential exists for exposure to exhaled air of a person with suspected or confirmed TB, a(n) ________ mask should be worn by the EMT. - CORRECT ANSWER N-95" "Which of the following parts of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response experienced in response to a stressor? - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic nervous system" "The administration of oxygen and the application of spinal immobilization is part of which of the following for the EMT? - CORRECT ANSWER Scope of practice" "An off-duty EMT is driving down the road when she sees a major vehicle accident. There are no Emergency Medical Responders on the scene yet. There are only Good Samaritans. The EMT is late for a doctor's appointment so she decides that she will not stop and help. The driver of the vehicle dies before help arrives. One of the Good Samaritans notices her EMT license plates and writes them down as she passes by. The Good Samaritan is angry that the EMT did not stop and help and tries to get the EMT fired for not helping. Which of the following statements is true? - CORRECT ANSWER The EMT is not negligent because she did not have a duty to act." "In which of the following situations is it legal to share information about treatment you provided to a patient? - CORRECT ANSWER The triage nurse at the emergency department asks about the care you provided to the patient." "Which of the following is the EMT's primary responsibility at a secured crime scene? - CORRECT ANSWER Providing patient care" "Which of the following incidents is the EMT legally required to report to law enforcement? - CORRECT ANSWER Your patient has facial and head injuries and states that her husband beat her with a telephone receiver." "Which of the following refers to the set of regulations that defines the legal actions expected and limitations placed on the EMT? - CORRECT ANSWER Scope of practice" "Your patient is a 10-year-old boy who suffered a possible fractured arm while rollerblading at a friend's house. Which of the following is the BEST way to obtain consent for treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER Call the patient's mother at work." "You are treating an elderly male patient in the back of your ambulance. En route, the patient becomes unresponsive. Upon arrival, the ED nurse asks you several questions about his condition. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER You should answer her questions because you may legally share the patient's medical condition with other pertinent health care providers." "The term body mechanics describes the proper use of your body to lift without injury. What are the three considerations to review before any lift? - CORRECT ANSWER The object, your limitations, and communication" "Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT's feet when lifting? - CORRECT ANSWER Shoulder-width apart" "Where should you position the weight of the object being lifted? - CORRECT ANSWER As close to the body as possible" "Which of the following best describes an urgent move? - CORRECT ANSWER Moving a patient from a car directly to a long spine board" "What is the preferred number of rescuers when using a stair chair? - CORRECT ANSWER Three: two lifting and one spotting" "You have responded to a multiple casualty incident involving an overturned bus. Patients have been thrown around the interior of the bus and several are piled on top of each other. What type of move would you perform to gain access to the most critically injured patients? - CORRECT ANSWER Emergency move" "You respond to a large concert venue where a number of spectators are reported to be severely intoxicated. You are directed to an area where several patients appear to be unconscious, lying face down on the ground. The position of these patients is described as: - CORRECT ANSWER prone" "A postal worker has been attacked by a dog during her mail delivery route. The patient is a 54-year-old female with several dog bites on her lower extremities and left arm. The worst of these bites is located on the back of her right leg just above the ankle. How can you explain the location of this injury using anatomical landmarks? - CORRECT ANSWER The bite is located on the posterior aspect of the calf distal to the knee." "Which of the following describes Fowler's position? - CORRECT ANSWER Sitting upright with the legs straight" "What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER cervical and lumbar" "What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER Smooth" "A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components? - CORRECT ANSWER Platlets" "The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Tidal Volume" "The pressure that is created when the heart pushes the blood throughout the circulatory system is called: - CORRECT ANSWER hydrostatic pressure." "The most vulnerable part of the cell is the: - CORRECT ANSWER membrane" "What substances, when dissolved, separate into charged particles? - CORRECT ANSWER Electrolytes" "A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Anemia" "When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER palmar" "You have been dispatched to a shopping mall to assess a 1-month-old female patient that tumbled out of her stroller while her mother was shopping. Upon your arrival, the baby is awake, alert, and happily smiling and cooing at her mom. The mother reports that the child did not appear to suffer any injuries as a result of the fall. As you assess the patient and place your finger in her hand, she grasps it tightly. This is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER palmar reflex" "The trachea branches off at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi. - CORRECT ANSWER Carnia" "Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? - CORRECT ANSWER bronchi" "Perhaps the simplest way to determine if a patient has a patent airway is to: - CORRECT ANSWER say hello" "Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? - CORRECT ANSWER Nasal flaring" "Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver? - CORRECT ANSWER A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders." "Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPAs)? - CORRECT ANSWER They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex." "Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)? - CORRECT ANSWER It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex." "When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWER When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change." "You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first? - CORRECT ANSWER Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen." "Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device." "Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? - CORRECT ANSWER Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration." "You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should: - CORRECT ANSWER reduce the volume of the ventilations." "You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position. "Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests. What would you say? - CORRECT ANSWER It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations." "A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD." "Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should: - CORRECT ANSWER apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen." "Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should: - CORRECT ANSWER Roll him over to clear his airway" "You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway? - CORRECT ANSWER Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached" "When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds. - CORRECT ANSWER 10 seconds" "During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked? - CORRECT ANSWER Radial artery" "Which of the following patients is a high priority for transport? - CORRECT ANSWER Adult male with difficulty breathing" "When the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries, the pressure created is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER systolic blood pressure." "A patient with a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute is considered which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia" "You are assessing a 48-year-old male who is unconscious. The scene is safe and you hear the patient gurgling. What is your next action? - CORRECT ANSWER Suction the airway" "You are assessing a 55-year-old male complaining of chest pain and have determined that his radial pulse is barely palpable. You also determine that there were 20 pulsations over a span of 30 seconds. Based on this, how would you report this patient's pulse? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulse 40 and weak" "Your patient is in late stages of liver failure and has requested to be transported to the emergency department. You take your body substance isolation and move him to your cot and notice his skin is warm and dry with a yellow color. Your radio report to the hospital should state your patient is: - CORRECT ANSWER jaundiced." "You are transporting a patient to the hospital from a motor vehicle crash. Your patient's initial blood pressure was 88/52. You should reassess blood pressure: - CORRECT ANSWER at least every 5 minutes." "The patient was a driver in a lateral impact motor vehicle collision. During the assessment of his chest, the EMT notes a segment of the chest wall moving in the opposite direction from the rest of the chest. Which of the following BEST describes this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER Paradoxical movement" "When a patient describes how he feels, he is telling you which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER His symptoms"