BIOS 255 Anatomy & Physiology III
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for the regulation of
acid-base balance in the body?
- A. Liver
- B. Lungs
- C. Kidneys
- D. Heart
ANS : C. Kidneys
Rationale : Kidneys regulate pH by excreting hydrogen ions
and reabsorbing bicarbonate, maintaining acid-base balance.
2. Which part of the endocrine system releases hormones that
directly influence the basal metabolic rate?
©2025
, - A. Pituitary gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Adrenal cortex
- D. Pineal gland
ANS : B. Thyroid gland
Rationale : The thyroid releases hormones like thyroxine (T4)
and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism.
3. Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves ventricular
contraction?
- A. Diastole
- B. Systole
- C. Atrial filling
- D. Repolarization
ANS : B. Systole
Rationale : Systole is the phase during which ventricles
contract to pump blood into circulation.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
©2025
,4. The functional unit of the nervous system is called the ____.
ANS : Neuron
Rationale : Neurons are specialized cells that transmit
electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.
5. The ____ is the structure of the eye responsible for detecting
light and color.
ANS : Retina
Rationale : The retina contains photoreceptor cells (cones and
rods) that detect light and convert it into neural signals.
6. The movement of food through the digestive tract is
controlled by rhythmic contractions called ____.
ANS : Peristalsis
Rationale : Peristalsis propels food through the digestive
system via coordinated muscle contractions.
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True/False Questions
©2025
, 7. The lymphatic system directly transports oxygenated blood to
tissues.
ANS : False
Rationale : The lymphatic system transports lymph and
immune cells, not blood.
8. The hypothalamus is part of the brainstem.
ANS : False
Rationale : The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon,
located above the brainstem.
9. The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine
gland.
ANS : True
Rationale : The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon
(endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine).
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Multiple Response Questions
©2025
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for the regulation of
acid-base balance in the body?
- A. Liver
- B. Lungs
- C. Kidneys
- D. Heart
ANS : C. Kidneys
Rationale : Kidneys regulate pH by excreting hydrogen ions
and reabsorbing bicarbonate, maintaining acid-base balance.
2. Which part of the endocrine system releases hormones that
directly influence the basal metabolic rate?
©2025
, - A. Pituitary gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Adrenal cortex
- D. Pineal gland
ANS : B. Thyroid gland
Rationale : The thyroid releases hormones like thyroxine (T4)
and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism.
3. Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves ventricular
contraction?
- A. Diastole
- B. Systole
- C. Atrial filling
- D. Repolarization
ANS : B. Systole
Rationale : Systole is the phase during which ventricles
contract to pump blood into circulation.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
©2025
,4. The functional unit of the nervous system is called the ____.
ANS : Neuron
Rationale : Neurons are specialized cells that transmit
electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.
5. The ____ is the structure of the eye responsible for detecting
light and color.
ANS : Retina
Rationale : The retina contains photoreceptor cells (cones and
rods) that detect light and convert it into neural signals.
6. The movement of food through the digestive tract is
controlled by rhythmic contractions called ____.
ANS : Peristalsis
Rationale : Peristalsis propels food through the digestive
system via coordinated muscle contractions.
---
True/False Questions
©2025
, 7. The lymphatic system directly transports oxygenated blood to
tissues.
ANS : False
Rationale : The lymphatic system transports lymph and
immune cells, not blood.
8. The hypothalamus is part of the brainstem.
ANS : False
Rationale : The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon,
located above the brainstem.
9. The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine
gland.
ANS : True
Rationale : The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon
(endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine).
---
Multiple Response Questions
©2025
