TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
w w w w w w
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
w w w w
MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wfor clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
w w w w w
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy w
d. Massage therapy w
ANS: w D
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
w w w w w w w w w
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness
w w w w w w w w w w
and self-care purposes.
w w w
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
w w w w w w w
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: w B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Hebrew mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Sanskrit makeh, and the French masser.
w w w w w w
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: w C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: w B
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
w w w w w w w w w w
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
, a. Tao Te Ching w w
b. Nei Ching w
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum w
ANS: w B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Chinese medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
and this work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
medicines.
w
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wenergetic therapies? w
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: w D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
therapies, manual and energetic.
w w w w
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
w w w w w w w
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: w A
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
healing procedure.
w w
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wapplied from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: w B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
w w w w w w w w w w w w
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
w w w w w w w w w w
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: w D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was
w w w w w w w w w w w w
known about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally
w w w w w w w w w w w w
recognized as the father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
should avoid causing harm to patients.
w w w w w w
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wboth the East and the West?
w w w w w
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: w C
A text entitled
w w or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the
w w w w w w w w w w w
greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
the East and the West.
w w w w w
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: w A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
w w w w w w w w w w w w
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
w w w w w w
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wmuscular contraction of the heart? w w w w
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: w C
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in
w w w w w w w w w w
1628, and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
measure.
w
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
w w w w w w w w w
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Johann Mezger w
b. Pehr H. Ling w w
c. George Henry Taylor w w
, d. John Harvey Kellogg w w
ANS: w B
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
w w w w w w w w w w w w
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
w w w w w w w
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
w w w w w w w w
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage w
d. Swedish massage w
ANS: w D
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s
w w w w w w w w w w w w
system. For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wdescribe massage techniques? w w
a. Johann Mezger w
b. William Harvey w
c. Pehr H. Ling w w
d. Charles Taylor w
ANS: w A
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
w w w w w w w w w
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Tiffany Field w
b. Florence Nightingale w
c. Charles Fayette Taylor w w
d. John Harvey Kellogg w w
ANS: w B
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
care for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
developed, massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
as part of their comfort measures.
w w w w w w
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers
w w w w w w w w w
winjured during which event?
w w w
a. World War I w w
b. World War II w w
c. Civil War w
d. Viet Nam War w w
ANS: w A
w w w w w w
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
w w w w
MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wfor clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
w w w w w
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy w
d. Massage therapy w
ANS: w D
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
w w w w w w w w w
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness
w w w w w w w w w w
and self-care purposes.
w w w
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
w w w w w w w
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: w B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Hebrew mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Sanskrit makeh, and the French masser.
w w w w w w
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: w C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: w B
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
w w w w w w w w w w
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
, a. Tao Te Ching w w
b. Nei Ching w
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum w
ANS: w B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Chinese medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
and this work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
medicines.
w
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wenergetic therapies? w
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: w D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
therapies, manual and energetic.
w w w w
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
w w w w w w w
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: w A
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
healing procedure.
w w
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wapplied from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: w B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
w w w w w w w w w w w w
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
w w w w w w w w w w
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: w D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was
w w w w w w w w w w w w
known about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally
w w w w w w w w w w w w
recognized as the father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
should avoid causing harm to patients.
w w w w w w
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wboth the East and the West?
w w w w w
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: w C
A text entitled
w w or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the
w w w w w w w w w w w
greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
the East and the West.
w w w w w
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: w A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
w w w w w w w w w w w w
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
w w w w w w
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wmuscular contraction of the heart? w w w w
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: w C
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in
w w w w w w w w w w
1628, and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
measure.
w
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
w w w w w w w w w
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Johann Mezger w
b. Pehr H. Ling w w
c. George Henry Taylor w w
, d. John Harvey Kellogg w w
ANS: w B
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
gymnastics, the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and
w w w w w w w w w w w w
esthetic. This system was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Movement Cure, or simply the Ling system.
w w w w w w w
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
w w w w w w w w
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage w
d. Swedish massage w
ANS: w D
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s
w w w w w w w w w w w w
system. For this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wdescribe massage techniques? w w
a. Johann Mezger w
b. William Harvey w
c. Pehr H. Ling w w
d. Charles Taylor w
ANS: w A
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann
w w w w w w w w w w w w
Mezger (1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
describe massage techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
massage legislation, medical insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
w w w w w w w w w
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
a. Tiffany Field w
b. Florence Nightingale w
c. Charles Fayette Taylor w w
d. John Harvey Kellogg w w
ANS: w B
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
care for patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
developed, massage was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
as part of their comfort measures.
w w w w w w
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers
w w w w w w w w w
winjured during which event?
w w w
a. World War I w w
b. World War II w w
c. Civil War w
d. Viet Nam War w w
ANS: w A
