Psychology of sex and gender
CHAPTER 2 Questions And Answers
Between-groupsvariances-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Thesdifferencesbetweensthesaveragesvaluessforseachsgroupsinsasstudy.
Casesstudies:sGeneralizabilitys-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Thesextentstoswhichsthesfindingssofsasstudyswouldsapplysbeyondsthessamplesinsthesoriginalss
tudystostheslargerspopulation.
Correlational:sInteractionseffects-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Aspatternsinswhichsthesstrengthsorsdirectionsofsthesassociationsbetweensansindependents(ors
participant)svariablesandsasdependentsvariablesdifferssassasfunctionsofsanothersindependent
s(orsparticipant)svariable.
Correlational:sReversescausations-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Inscorrelationalsresearch,sthespossibilitysthatsthestruescause-and-
effectsrelationshipsbetweenstwosvariablessissthesreversesofswhatsissinitiallysassumeds(alsosk
nownsassthesdirectionalitysproblem).sForsinstance,sinsteadsofsXscausingsY,sitsissalwaysspossi
blesthatsYscausessX.
Correlational:sThirdsvariablesproblems-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Inscorrelationalsresearch,sthespossibilitysthatsansunmeasuredsthirdsvariables(z)sissresponsibl
esforsthesrelationshipsbetweenstwoscorrelatedsvariabless(xsandsy).
dsstatisticss-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Anseffectssizesstatisticsthatsexpressessthesmagnitudesandsdirectionsofsasdifferencesbetweens
groupsmeans,sorsofsthesstrengthsofsassociationsbetweensvariables,sinsstandardizedsunits.
.2s=ssmall
.5s=smediums
.8s=slarge
Dependentsvariables-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Ansoutcomesvariablesinsansexperiment,sthesdependentsvariablesissthesoneshypothesizedstos
changesassasresultsofsmanipulationsofsansindependentsvariable.
CHAPTER 2 Questions And Answers
Between-groupsvariances-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Thesdifferencesbetweensthesaveragesvaluessforseachsgroupsinsasstudy.
Casesstudies:sGeneralizabilitys-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Thesextentstoswhichsthesfindingssofsasstudyswouldsapplysbeyondsthessamplesinsthesoriginalss
tudystostheslargerspopulation.
Correlational:sInteractionseffects-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Aspatternsinswhichsthesstrengthsorsdirectionsofsthesassociationsbetweensansindependents(ors
participant)svariablesandsasdependentsvariablesdifferssassasfunctionsofsanothersindependent
s(orsparticipant)svariable.
Correlational:sReversescausations-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Inscorrelationalsresearch,sthespossibilitysthatsthestruescause-and-
effectsrelationshipsbetweenstwosvariablessissthesreversesofswhatsissinitiallysassumeds(alsosk
nownsassthesdirectionalitysproblem).sForsinstance,sinsteadsofsXscausingsY,sitsissalwaysspossi
blesthatsYscausessX.
Correlational:sThirdsvariablesproblems-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Inscorrelationalsresearch,sthespossibilitysthatsansunmeasuredsthirdsvariables(z)sissresponsibl
esforsthesrelationshipsbetweenstwoscorrelatedsvariabless(xsandsy).
dsstatisticss-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Anseffectssizesstatisticsthatsexpressessthesmagnitudesandsdirectionsofsasdifferencesbetweens
groupsmeans,sorsofsthesstrengthsofsassociationsbetweensvariables,sinsstandardizedsunits.
.2s=ssmall
.5s=smediums
.8s=slarge
Dependentsvariables-sCORRECTssANSWER-
Ansoutcomesvariablesinsansexperiment,sthesdependentsvariablesissthesoneshypothesizedstos
changesassasresultsofsmanipulationsofsansindependentsvariable.