RNSG 1430 final exam blueprint questions with verified
answers
.
. Ans✓✓✓
1. Assessment and cultural considerations diversity Ans✓✓✓ When caring for
patients from a different culture, it is important to first ask how they want to be
treated based on their values and beliefs. An effective way to identify specific
factors that influence a patient's behavior is to perform a cultural assessment. The
primary informant should be the patient, if possible. If the patient is not able to
respond to the questions, a family member or a friend can be consulted. A useful
tool for this is the Andrews and Boyle Transcultural Nursing Assessment Guide
(2012), part of which is included in Box 5-3. See also the Purnell model for cultural
competence (Figure 5-2). Similarly, the Giger and Davidhizar (2002) model takes
into account six cultural phenomena: communication, space, social organization,
time, environmental control, and biological variations. The Campinha-Bacote
Model of Cultural Competence (2011) emphasizes becoming culturally competent
and integrating cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural
encounters, and cultural desire.
You can also anticipate a patient's cultural needs by obtaining this information
through research before initiating contact with the patient. Remember, however,
thatinformation about any culture is general, and that it must be individualized
for the specific patient once the actual interaction begins.
1. Cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration Ans✓✓✓ Glaucoma- An eye
disease in which the intraocular pressure is high enough to cause damage to the
optic nerve, resulting in visual loss; caused by impaired drainage of the aqueous
fluid out of the eye
-Increased IOP causing atrophy and cupping of optic nerve
-Not allowing intraocular fluid to flow
,*Dark Peripheral Good Central*
-Know your IOP
-Meds can have adverse effects
-Surgery slows, does not treat
Early Indications
-Reduced vision, mild eye pain
-know your intraocular pressure measurement and desired range.
-be informed about the extent of you vision loss and optic nerve damage
-keep a record of you eye pressure measurements and visual field test results to
monitor your own progress.
-review medications
-ask about potential effects of drug interactions
-ask about generic or less costly forms of eye medications
-review the dosing schedule with you ophthalmologist
-patriciate in the decision making process , let your doctor know the schedule
work for you
-have the nurse observe you instilling eye medication to determine if your
instilling it properly
-be aware of adverse effects of medications
-keep f/u appts
caratact--eye shield worn at night to first week after surgery to avoid injury.
-minimal discomfort after surgery and to take Tylenol for mild pain
-take antibiotics , anti inflammatory , and corticosteroid eye drops or ointments
as prescribed.
-wear sunglasses when outside
,-slight morning discharge , some redness , and a scratchy feeling may be expected
for first few days.
- notify surgeon of floaters, flashing lights, loss of vision, increased redness
Clouding of lens
*Blurred Vision*
-Old age
-Painless
-Progressive
-Uni/bilateral
-Ambulatory surgery
-Eye shield (night--1st week)
-Minimal discomfort
-Mild analgesic
-Antibiotic, anti-inflamm, cortiocosteroid
-Eye patch 24 hr
-Slight morning discharge
1. Neuropathic pain Ans✓✓✓ Neuropathic pain results as a direct consequence
of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous
system (PNS) or the CNS (D'Arcy, 2011a). The exact cause of neuropathic pain is
unknown but it can originate either peripherally (e.g., phantom leg pain) or
centrally (e.g., pain from spinal cord injury). Neuropathic pain can be of short
duration but frequently is chronic. It is often described as burning, electric,
tingling, or stabbing. Allodynia, a characteristic feature of neuropathic pain, is
pain that occurs after a weak or nonpainful stimuli, such as a light touch or a cold
drink, which normally should not cause pain.
, 1. Sleep deprivation Ans✓✓✓ Sleep deprivation refers to a decrease in the
amount, consistency, or quality of sleep. It may result from decreased REM sleep
or NREM sleep. Total sleep deprivation is rarely seen, other than in experimental
settings. There are many causes, and the manifestations progress from irritability
and impaired mental abilities to a total disintegration of personality. In general,
the effects of sleep deprivation become increasingly apparent after 30 hours of
continual wakefulness.
Partial sleep deprivation may result in loss of concentration, inattention, and
impaired information processing, and poses serious safety risks. Excessive
daytime sleepiness, a form of partial sleep deprivation, impairs performance at
times when people need to be alert. The strange environment of the hospital,
physical discomfort and pain, the effects of medications, and the need for 24-hour
nursing care may also contribute to sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients.
It is unclear whether irreversible damage to body tissue results from prolonged or
chronic sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, recent research
has indicated the possibility of a causal relationship between sleep deprivation
and obesity, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. However, sleep
deprivation clearly produces changes in physical and mental functioning,
supporting the belief that sleep is essential for well-being. Sleep deprivation may
be caused by shorter periods of sleep, which over time can cause impairment.
Whether it occurs as a result of a disorder or is due to voluntary sleep
curtailment, sleep deprivation has wide-ranging negative consequences for
human health and well being (see the earlier section, Physical and Psychological
Effects of Insufficient Sleep, p. 1123). page 1131 fundamentals
1. Wound types and classifications Ans✓✓✓ Wound Classifications: Process of
wound healing -- Partial-thickness wounds are shallow in depth, moist, and
painful, and the wound base generally appears red.
Ex. Scrape or Abrasion
- A full-thickness wound extends into the subcutaneous layer and the depth and
tissue type will vary depending on body location.
answers
.
. Ans✓✓✓
1. Assessment and cultural considerations diversity Ans✓✓✓ When caring for
patients from a different culture, it is important to first ask how they want to be
treated based on their values and beliefs. An effective way to identify specific
factors that influence a patient's behavior is to perform a cultural assessment. The
primary informant should be the patient, if possible. If the patient is not able to
respond to the questions, a family member or a friend can be consulted. A useful
tool for this is the Andrews and Boyle Transcultural Nursing Assessment Guide
(2012), part of which is included in Box 5-3. See also the Purnell model for cultural
competence (Figure 5-2). Similarly, the Giger and Davidhizar (2002) model takes
into account six cultural phenomena: communication, space, social organization,
time, environmental control, and biological variations. The Campinha-Bacote
Model of Cultural Competence (2011) emphasizes becoming culturally competent
and integrating cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural
encounters, and cultural desire.
You can also anticipate a patient's cultural needs by obtaining this information
through research before initiating contact with the patient. Remember, however,
thatinformation about any culture is general, and that it must be individualized
for the specific patient once the actual interaction begins.
1. Cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration Ans✓✓✓ Glaucoma- An eye
disease in which the intraocular pressure is high enough to cause damage to the
optic nerve, resulting in visual loss; caused by impaired drainage of the aqueous
fluid out of the eye
-Increased IOP causing atrophy and cupping of optic nerve
-Not allowing intraocular fluid to flow
,*Dark Peripheral Good Central*
-Know your IOP
-Meds can have adverse effects
-Surgery slows, does not treat
Early Indications
-Reduced vision, mild eye pain
-know your intraocular pressure measurement and desired range.
-be informed about the extent of you vision loss and optic nerve damage
-keep a record of you eye pressure measurements and visual field test results to
monitor your own progress.
-review medications
-ask about potential effects of drug interactions
-ask about generic or less costly forms of eye medications
-review the dosing schedule with you ophthalmologist
-patriciate in the decision making process , let your doctor know the schedule
work for you
-have the nurse observe you instilling eye medication to determine if your
instilling it properly
-be aware of adverse effects of medications
-keep f/u appts
caratact--eye shield worn at night to first week after surgery to avoid injury.
-minimal discomfort after surgery and to take Tylenol for mild pain
-take antibiotics , anti inflammatory , and corticosteroid eye drops or ointments
as prescribed.
-wear sunglasses when outside
,-slight morning discharge , some redness , and a scratchy feeling may be expected
for first few days.
- notify surgeon of floaters, flashing lights, loss of vision, increased redness
Clouding of lens
*Blurred Vision*
-Old age
-Painless
-Progressive
-Uni/bilateral
-Ambulatory surgery
-Eye shield (night--1st week)
-Minimal discomfort
-Mild analgesic
-Antibiotic, anti-inflamm, cortiocosteroid
-Eye patch 24 hr
-Slight morning discharge
1. Neuropathic pain Ans✓✓✓ Neuropathic pain results as a direct consequence
of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous
system (PNS) or the CNS (D'Arcy, 2011a). The exact cause of neuropathic pain is
unknown but it can originate either peripherally (e.g., phantom leg pain) or
centrally (e.g., pain from spinal cord injury). Neuropathic pain can be of short
duration but frequently is chronic. It is often described as burning, electric,
tingling, or stabbing. Allodynia, a characteristic feature of neuropathic pain, is
pain that occurs after a weak or nonpainful stimuli, such as a light touch or a cold
drink, which normally should not cause pain.
, 1. Sleep deprivation Ans✓✓✓ Sleep deprivation refers to a decrease in the
amount, consistency, or quality of sleep. It may result from decreased REM sleep
or NREM sleep. Total sleep deprivation is rarely seen, other than in experimental
settings. There are many causes, and the manifestations progress from irritability
and impaired mental abilities to a total disintegration of personality. In general,
the effects of sleep deprivation become increasingly apparent after 30 hours of
continual wakefulness.
Partial sleep deprivation may result in loss of concentration, inattention, and
impaired information processing, and poses serious safety risks. Excessive
daytime sleepiness, a form of partial sleep deprivation, impairs performance at
times when people need to be alert. The strange environment of the hospital,
physical discomfort and pain, the effects of medications, and the need for 24-hour
nursing care may also contribute to sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients.
It is unclear whether irreversible damage to body tissue results from prolonged or
chronic sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, recent research
has indicated the possibility of a causal relationship between sleep deprivation
and obesity, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. However, sleep
deprivation clearly produces changes in physical and mental functioning,
supporting the belief that sleep is essential for well-being. Sleep deprivation may
be caused by shorter periods of sleep, which over time can cause impairment.
Whether it occurs as a result of a disorder or is due to voluntary sleep
curtailment, sleep deprivation has wide-ranging negative consequences for
human health and well being (see the earlier section, Physical and Psychological
Effects of Insufficient Sleep, p. 1123). page 1131 fundamentals
1. Wound types and classifications Ans✓✓✓ Wound Classifications: Process of
wound healing -- Partial-thickness wounds are shallow in depth, moist, and
painful, and the wound base generally appears red.
Ex. Scrape or Abrasion
- A full-thickness wound extends into the subcutaneous layer and the depth and
tissue type will vary depending on body location.
