WGU D322 Introduction to IT with complete solution
1st Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine
language
.2nd Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size,
easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers
.3rd Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost,
called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals
.4th Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal
computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use
.Administrator Ethics - ANSWER-Privacy, Ownership, Control, Accuracy, Security
.Algorithms - ANSWER-A formula or procedure for solving a problem. Can also be described as a set of
steps that are followed in order to complete a process
.Alpha Testing - ANSWER-System developers assist end users as they interact with new system; simulated
data is used
.Analysis - ANSWER-Determines the user requirements for the new system and develops logical models
of the system
.Anti-virus Software - ANSWER-Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of malware
.Application Software - ANSWER-Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish tasks
,.ASCII - ANSWER-The first character encoding standard; represents English characters as numbers, with
each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.
.Assembly Language - ANSWER-Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise low level
instructions
.Attributes - ANSWER-Columns of the relation
.Authentication - ANSWER-Proving you are who you say you are which can be done by: what you know,
what you have (two factor authentication)
.Availability - ANSWER-Requires that information is available when needed
.Batch Processing - ANSWER-Processing large amounts of data all in one batch when the computer
system is not busy
.Beta Testing - ANSWER-Performed by the end user without any assistance from the system developers;
live data in a real working environment is used.
.Big Data - ANSWER-Refers to data sets that are so large and complex that they will require more
advanced database management/processing tools.
.Binary - ANSWER-Uses base 2 system (0 and 1)
.BIOS ROM - ANSWER-BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on).
, Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating
System can be loaded from the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
.Black Hat Hacker - ANSWER-Individuals with malicious intent who violate security in order to commit
crimes or acts of terrorism
.Boolean/Logical - ANSWER-True/False; applying AND/OR when searching for data.
.Brute Force - ANSWER-The process of using all possible combinations of letters and numbers to crack a
password.
.Buffer - ANSWER-Physical memory storage used to temporarily store data while being moved from one
place to another; can read faster than RAM but cannot store as much.
.Buffer Overflow - ANSWER-Placing malicious code into the buffer so that it can be executed once stored
in memory; oldest and most well known software exploit; software engineers can protect against this
when writing code
.Bus - ANSWER-Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable
communication among the electronic components
.Bus Network - ANSWER-Devices connected along a single cable.
Size of network is restricted.
.Business Continuity - ANSWER-The activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business
functions will be available to customer, suppliers, regulators, and other entities that must have access to
those functions.
1st Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine
language
.2nd Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size,
easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers
.3rd Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost,
called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals
.4th Generation of Computers - ANSWER-Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal
computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use
.Administrator Ethics - ANSWER-Privacy, Ownership, Control, Accuracy, Security
.Algorithms - ANSWER-A formula or procedure for solving a problem. Can also be described as a set of
steps that are followed in order to complete a process
.Alpha Testing - ANSWER-System developers assist end users as they interact with new system; simulated
data is used
.Analysis - ANSWER-Determines the user requirements for the new system and develops logical models
of the system
.Anti-virus Software - ANSWER-Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of malware
.Application Software - ANSWER-Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish tasks
,.ASCII - ANSWER-The first character encoding standard; represents English characters as numbers, with
each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.
.Assembly Language - ANSWER-Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise low level
instructions
.Attributes - ANSWER-Columns of the relation
.Authentication - ANSWER-Proving you are who you say you are which can be done by: what you know,
what you have (two factor authentication)
.Availability - ANSWER-Requires that information is available when needed
.Batch Processing - ANSWER-Processing large amounts of data all in one batch when the computer
system is not busy
.Beta Testing - ANSWER-Performed by the end user without any assistance from the system developers;
live data in a real working environment is used.
.Big Data - ANSWER-Refers to data sets that are so large and complex that they will require more
advanced database management/processing tools.
.Binary - ANSWER-Uses base 2 system (0 and 1)
.BIOS ROM - ANSWER-BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on).
, Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating
System can be loaded from the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
.Black Hat Hacker - ANSWER-Individuals with malicious intent who violate security in order to commit
crimes or acts of terrorism
.Boolean/Logical - ANSWER-True/False; applying AND/OR when searching for data.
.Brute Force - ANSWER-The process of using all possible combinations of letters and numbers to crack a
password.
.Buffer - ANSWER-Physical memory storage used to temporarily store data while being moved from one
place to another; can read faster than RAM but cannot store as much.
.Buffer Overflow - ANSWER-Placing malicious code into the buffer so that it can be executed once stored
in memory; oldest and most well known software exploit; software engineers can protect against this
when writing code
.Bus - ANSWER-Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable
communication among the electronic components
.Bus Network - ANSWER-Devices connected along a single cable.
Size of network is restricted.
.Business Continuity - ANSWER-The activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business
functions will be available to customer, suppliers, regulators, and other entities that must have access to
those functions.
