Mktg 367 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
situational influence
As discussed in the chapter on consumers in situations,
situations play a big role in CB. The type of criteria that are
considered depends heavily on situational influences.
consumer culture
represents the commonly held societal beliefs that define what is
socially gratifying within a specific society.
1. Giving meaning to objects.
2. Giving meaning to activities.
3. Facilitating communication.
These functions shape the value of consumer activities and
include:
cultural norm
refers to a rule that specifies the appropriate behavior in a given
situation within a specific culture.
are unwritten and simply understood by members of a cultural
group.
popular culture
captures cultural trends and shapes norms and sanctions within
society.
role expectations
,are the specific expectations that are associated with each type
of person.
they define not only the way one should act to play a certain
role, but also the types of products that are appropriate to
consume in that role.
one's sex, occupation, social class, and age; all are relevant bases
ecological factors
____________ _______cause differences in culture because
they change the relative value of objects.
are the physical characteristics that describe the physical
environment and habitat of a particular place.
tradition
in this sense refers to the customs and accepted ways of
structuring society.
include institutions like family, work, and political structures of
a society.
core societal values (CSVs)
Although conflicting views exist on what exactly are the best
dimensions to describe differences in cultural values, the most
widely applied dimensions are those developed by Geert
Hofstede.
This theory of value-based differences in cultures is based on
multiple dimensions, with each representing an identifiable core
societal value aspect.
or cultural values, represent a commonly agreed-upon consensus
about the most preferable ways of living within a society
,individualism
as a CSV means the extent to which people expect each other to
take responsibility for themselves and their immediate family.
Highly individualistic societies place high value on self-reliance,
individual initiative, and personal achievement.
collectivism
In contrast, nations with low individualism are high in
_______________, which refers to the extent to which an
individual's life is intertwined with a large cohesive group.
masculinity
CSV dimension captures societal distinctions based on
mannerisms typically associated with male traits such as valuing
assertiveness and control
femininity
represents the opposite end of the scale, but in this case, the term
does not refer to the prominence that women have within a
society.
traits such as caring, conciliation, and community
power distance
is the extent to which people accept as fact the principle of the
division of authority and privilege among different groups
within society.
uncertainty avoidance
is just what the term implies.
A culture high in ______________ _____________ is
, uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.
Consumers high in ___________ ____________ prefer the
known, avoid taking risks, and like life to be structured and
routine.
long-term orientation (LTO)
reflects values consistent with Confucian philosophy and
prioritization of future rewards over short-term benefits.
As such, high _____-_____ _______________ means that a
consumer values thriftiness, pragmatism, and perseverance as
well as the maintenance of long-term relationships.
guanxi
is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties
must first invest time and resources in getting to know one
another and becoming comfortable with one another before
consummating any important deal.
renquing
is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are
expected to return that good deed.
indulgence-restraint
dimension shows similarity to the distinction between hedonic
and utilitarian value and motivation.
Societies with high restraint scores will tend to prioritize
utilitarian value in consumption, whereas societies with high
indulgence will tend to prioritize hedonic value in consumption.
CVS scoreboard
situational influence
As discussed in the chapter on consumers in situations,
situations play a big role in CB. The type of criteria that are
considered depends heavily on situational influences.
consumer culture
represents the commonly held societal beliefs that define what is
socially gratifying within a specific society.
1. Giving meaning to objects.
2. Giving meaning to activities.
3. Facilitating communication.
These functions shape the value of consumer activities and
include:
cultural norm
refers to a rule that specifies the appropriate behavior in a given
situation within a specific culture.
are unwritten and simply understood by members of a cultural
group.
popular culture
captures cultural trends and shapes norms and sanctions within
society.
role expectations
,are the specific expectations that are associated with each type
of person.
they define not only the way one should act to play a certain
role, but also the types of products that are appropriate to
consume in that role.
one's sex, occupation, social class, and age; all are relevant bases
ecological factors
____________ _______cause differences in culture because
they change the relative value of objects.
are the physical characteristics that describe the physical
environment and habitat of a particular place.
tradition
in this sense refers to the customs and accepted ways of
structuring society.
include institutions like family, work, and political structures of
a society.
core societal values (CSVs)
Although conflicting views exist on what exactly are the best
dimensions to describe differences in cultural values, the most
widely applied dimensions are those developed by Geert
Hofstede.
This theory of value-based differences in cultures is based on
multiple dimensions, with each representing an identifiable core
societal value aspect.
or cultural values, represent a commonly agreed-upon consensus
about the most preferable ways of living within a society
,individualism
as a CSV means the extent to which people expect each other to
take responsibility for themselves and their immediate family.
Highly individualistic societies place high value on self-reliance,
individual initiative, and personal achievement.
collectivism
In contrast, nations with low individualism are high in
_______________, which refers to the extent to which an
individual's life is intertwined with a large cohesive group.
masculinity
CSV dimension captures societal distinctions based on
mannerisms typically associated with male traits such as valuing
assertiveness and control
femininity
represents the opposite end of the scale, but in this case, the term
does not refer to the prominence that women have within a
society.
traits such as caring, conciliation, and community
power distance
is the extent to which people accept as fact the principle of the
division of authority and privilege among different groups
within society.
uncertainty avoidance
is just what the term implies.
A culture high in ______________ _____________ is
, uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.
Consumers high in ___________ ____________ prefer the
known, avoid taking risks, and like life to be structured and
routine.
long-term orientation (LTO)
reflects values consistent with Confucian philosophy and
prioritization of future rewards over short-term benefits.
As such, high _____-_____ _______________ means that a
consumer values thriftiness, pragmatism, and perseverance as
well as the maintenance of long-term relationships.
guanxi
is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties
must first invest time and resources in getting to know one
another and becoming comfortable with one another before
consummating any important deal.
renquing
is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are
expected to return that good deed.
indulgence-restraint
dimension shows similarity to the distinction between hedonic
and utilitarian value and motivation.
Societies with high restraint scores will tend to prioritize
utilitarian value in consumption, whereas societies with high
indulgence will tend to prioritize hedonic value in consumption.
CVS scoreboard
