NUSCTX 10 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Programmed physiologic adaptations to protein-calorie insufficiency may underlie
some health-related problems in humans, including
a. Impaired growth in malnourished children and adolescents
b. Lower bone mass in women than men
c. Low sex hormone levels and loss of menstrual periods in women with low body
weight
d. Higher rate of lean tissues loss after 2 weeks of weight loss diets in obese people,
compared to the rate during the first few days of dieting.
e. a and c - Answer-e.
Phase 1 of prolonged fasting (the first several days) includes
a. Adipose tissue synthesis of fatty acids and their storage as fat
b. Glycogen depletion in liver
c. Very little loss of lean tissue such as muscle protein
d. Brain veto-adaptation
e. c and d - Answer-b.
Inflammation or infection in combination with calorie deprivation is likely to lead to
a. Loss of more muscle protein than in "simple" starvation.
b. High levels of white blood cells in blood
c. Several alterations, including low serum iron and zinc levels, fever and anemia.
d. All the above
e. a and b - Answer-d.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Body weight and body fat are the same
b. A person may have normal body weight but have a high amount of body fat
c. A person with low muscle mass, aerobic fitness but low body weight has low risk
for CVD and all-cause mortality.
d. A person can have low amounts of body fat and still be obese.
e. None of the above - Answer-b.
Metabolic "fitness" in a person
a. Relates to the person's capacity to do aerobic work.
b. Tends to be associated with reduced visceral fat stores, as in Sumo-Wrestlers.
c. Is inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease risk at all levels of body weight.
d. Is incompatible with high amounts of body fat and is not present if an individual is
obese.
e. a, b, and c - Answer-e.
What is the most efficient and sustainable way to treat obesity?
a. Leptin treatment
b. Voluntary exercise and reducing energy dense foods
c. Thyroid hormone and replacement to increase metabolic rate
d. Most of the popular diets
, e. Non of the above - Answer-b.
Obesity is NOT associated with which of the following medical conditions?
a. Liver disease
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Marasmus
d. Alzheimer's disease
e. Colon cancer - Answer-c.
Female aerobic athletes, gymnasts, ballet dancers often exhibit
a. Low amounts of subcutaneous fat
b. Tendency to loss or irregularity of menstrual periods
c. High incidence of stress fractures, despite weight bearing activity
d. High levels of visceral fat
e. a, b, and c - Answer-e.
What may explain hypertrophic obesity being associated with worse health outcomes
than hyper plastic obesity?
a. Small fat cells are more likely to take up more insulin and reduce its interaction
with other tissues
b. Big fat cells are more likely to "spill" fatty acids into blood through lipolysis, with
adverse metabolic effects.
c. Having more small fat cells will cause adipose cells to migrate into the
bloodstream to liver and muscle.
d. Big fat cells secrete less leptin, so energy expenditure is lower.
e. None of the above - Answer-b.
Which of the following statements regarding obesity is TRUE?
a. Obesity is primarily a disease of wealthy people
b. Obesity is primarily a disease of adults
c. Obesity almost exclusively occurs in developed countries
d. Obesity is often associated with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
e. Obesity is caused by type II diabetes - Answer-d.
Paul weighs 150 pounds and consumes 2500 kcal.day. After trying a new flavor of
ice cream, Paul consumes 3000 kcal/day for the next year. What is most likely to
happen to Paul's body weight if his lifestyle remains the same?
a. Increase by ~10-15 lbs. then stabilize
b. Decrease and then stabilize
c. Increase and keep increasing, because he is in positive energy balance.
d. Not change initially as the body stores calories, then increases body weight
steadily
e. Remain the same because his body will adapt by increasing metabolic rate -
Answer-a.
Which of the following foods will result is the greatest glycemic response when
consumed?
a. Hamburger
b. Green beans
c. White bread
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Programmed physiologic adaptations to protein-calorie insufficiency may underlie
some health-related problems in humans, including
a. Impaired growth in malnourished children and adolescents
b. Lower bone mass in women than men
c. Low sex hormone levels and loss of menstrual periods in women with low body
weight
d. Higher rate of lean tissues loss after 2 weeks of weight loss diets in obese people,
compared to the rate during the first few days of dieting.
e. a and c - Answer-e.
Phase 1 of prolonged fasting (the first several days) includes
a. Adipose tissue synthesis of fatty acids and their storage as fat
b. Glycogen depletion in liver
c. Very little loss of lean tissue such as muscle protein
d. Brain veto-adaptation
e. c and d - Answer-b.
Inflammation or infection in combination with calorie deprivation is likely to lead to
a. Loss of more muscle protein than in "simple" starvation.
b. High levels of white blood cells in blood
c. Several alterations, including low serum iron and zinc levels, fever and anemia.
d. All the above
e. a and b - Answer-d.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Body weight and body fat are the same
b. A person may have normal body weight but have a high amount of body fat
c. A person with low muscle mass, aerobic fitness but low body weight has low risk
for CVD and all-cause mortality.
d. A person can have low amounts of body fat and still be obese.
e. None of the above - Answer-b.
Metabolic "fitness" in a person
a. Relates to the person's capacity to do aerobic work.
b. Tends to be associated with reduced visceral fat stores, as in Sumo-Wrestlers.
c. Is inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease risk at all levels of body weight.
d. Is incompatible with high amounts of body fat and is not present if an individual is
obese.
e. a, b, and c - Answer-e.
What is the most efficient and sustainable way to treat obesity?
a. Leptin treatment
b. Voluntary exercise and reducing energy dense foods
c. Thyroid hormone and replacement to increase metabolic rate
d. Most of the popular diets
, e. Non of the above - Answer-b.
Obesity is NOT associated with which of the following medical conditions?
a. Liver disease
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Marasmus
d. Alzheimer's disease
e. Colon cancer - Answer-c.
Female aerobic athletes, gymnasts, ballet dancers often exhibit
a. Low amounts of subcutaneous fat
b. Tendency to loss or irregularity of menstrual periods
c. High incidence of stress fractures, despite weight bearing activity
d. High levels of visceral fat
e. a, b, and c - Answer-e.
What may explain hypertrophic obesity being associated with worse health outcomes
than hyper plastic obesity?
a. Small fat cells are more likely to take up more insulin and reduce its interaction
with other tissues
b. Big fat cells are more likely to "spill" fatty acids into blood through lipolysis, with
adverse metabolic effects.
c. Having more small fat cells will cause adipose cells to migrate into the
bloodstream to liver and muscle.
d. Big fat cells secrete less leptin, so energy expenditure is lower.
e. None of the above - Answer-b.
Which of the following statements regarding obesity is TRUE?
a. Obesity is primarily a disease of wealthy people
b. Obesity is primarily a disease of adults
c. Obesity almost exclusively occurs in developed countries
d. Obesity is often associated with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
e. Obesity is caused by type II diabetes - Answer-d.
Paul weighs 150 pounds and consumes 2500 kcal.day. After trying a new flavor of
ice cream, Paul consumes 3000 kcal/day for the next year. What is most likely to
happen to Paul's body weight if his lifestyle remains the same?
a. Increase by ~10-15 lbs. then stabilize
b. Decrease and then stabilize
c. Increase and keep increasing, because he is in positive energy balance.
d. Not change initially as the body stores calories, then increases body weight
steadily
e. Remain the same because his body will adapt by increasing metabolic rate -
Answer-a.
Which of the following foods will result is the greatest glycemic response when
consumed?
a. Hamburger
b. Green beans
c. White bread
