NUSCTX 10 - MIDTERM 1 SEC EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vegetarians may be at greater risk for deficiency in some nutrients. List the nutrients
below and some good sources in vegan/vegetarian diets. (Nutrients at risk and good
sources) - ANSWER-Protein: Soy-based products, legumes, seeds, nuts, grains, and
vegetables
Vitamin B12: Products fortified with B12 such as soy beverages and cereals,
nutritional yeast, vitamin supplements
Calcium: Tofu processed with calcium, broccoli, kale, bok choy, legumes
Vitamin D: Sunshine, products fortified with vitamin D
Iron: Legumes, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, whole grains, iron-
fortified cereals and breads
Zinc: Whole grains, wheat germ, legumes, nuts, tofu, and fortified cereal
Name one strategy you could use to incorporate vegetarian protein in your diet. -
ANSWER-Have 1-2 vegetarian meals per day
Have 1-2 vegetarian days per week
Substitute half veggie protein in recipes (e.g. tofu +beef)
DGAs - ANSWER-The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are a set of diet and
lifestyle recommendations designed to promote health and reduce chronic disease.
Unlike the DRIs, which are nutrient focused, the DGAs provide broader guidelines.
Which government agencies issue the DGA, and how often are they released? -
ANSWER-Jointly released by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) and HHS
(US Department of Health and Human Services) every five years.
What are the major recommendations of the DGA? - ANSWER-●Americans should
consume a healthy eating pattern that accounts for all foods and beverages within an
appropriate calorie level.
●Americans should consume foods such as:
1. A variety of vegetables
2. Fruits, especially whole fruits
3. Grains, at least half of which are whole grains
4. Fat-free or low-fat dairy, including milk, yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy
beverages
5. A variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs,
legumes (beans and peas), and nuts, seeds, and soy products
6. Oils
, ●A healthy eating pattern will limit the following nutrients:
○ Saturated fat (to less than 10% of calories)
○ Added sugar (to less than 10% of calories)
○ Sodium (to 2300 mg or less per day)
○ Alcohol
●People should also meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
What are the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? What organization are they
published by? - ANSWER-Nutrient reference values that serve as a guide for good
nutrition and as the scientific basis for the development of food guidelines in the US.
Published by the Institute of Medicine.
EAR - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
Meets 50% of a populations needs for a specific nutrient.
RDA - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
Meets 98% of a populations needs for a specific nutrient. RDA = EAR + 2SD
AI - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- No
Amount of a nutrient that appears to meet the needs of most of the population
UL - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed on a daily basis without risk
of toxicity. Risk of toxicity increases when consuming nutrient amounts above the
UL.
EER - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vegetarians may be at greater risk for deficiency in some nutrients. List the nutrients
below and some good sources in vegan/vegetarian diets. (Nutrients at risk and good
sources) - ANSWER-Protein: Soy-based products, legumes, seeds, nuts, grains, and
vegetables
Vitamin B12: Products fortified with B12 such as soy beverages and cereals,
nutritional yeast, vitamin supplements
Calcium: Tofu processed with calcium, broccoli, kale, bok choy, legumes
Vitamin D: Sunshine, products fortified with vitamin D
Iron: Legumes, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, whole grains, iron-
fortified cereals and breads
Zinc: Whole grains, wheat germ, legumes, nuts, tofu, and fortified cereal
Name one strategy you could use to incorporate vegetarian protein in your diet. -
ANSWER-Have 1-2 vegetarian meals per day
Have 1-2 vegetarian days per week
Substitute half veggie protein in recipes (e.g. tofu +beef)
DGAs - ANSWER-The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are a set of diet and
lifestyle recommendations designed to promote health and reduce chronic disease.
Unlike the DRIs, which are nutrient focused, the DGAs provide broader guidelines.
Which government agencies issue the DGA, and how often are they released? -
ANSWER-Jointly released by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) and HHS
(US Department of Health and Human Services) every five years.
What are the major recommendations of the DGA? - ANSWER-●Americans should
consume a healthy eating pattern that accounts for all foods and beverages within an
appropriate calorie level.
●Americans should consume foods such as:
1. A variety of vegetables
2. Fruits, especially whole fruits
3. Grains, at least half of which are whole grains
4. Fat-free or low-fat dairy, including milk, yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy
beverages
5. A variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs,
legumes (beans and peas), and nuts, seeds, and soy products
6. Oils
, ●A healthy eating pattern will limit the following nutrients:
○ Saturated fat (to less than 10% of calories)
○ Added sugar (to less than 10% of calories)
○ Sodium (to 2300 mg or less per day)
○ Alcohol
●People should also meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
What are the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? What organization are they
published by? - ANSWER-Nutrient reference values that serve as a guide for good
nutrition and as the scientific basis for the development of food guidelines in the US.
Published by the Institute of Medicine.
EAR - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
Meets 50% of a populations needs for a specific nutrient.
RDA - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
Meets 98% of a populations needs for a specific nutrient. RDA = EAR + 2SD
AI - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- No
Amount of a nutrient that appears to meet the needs of most of the population
UL - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed on a daily basis without risk
of toxicity. Risk of toxicity increases when consuming nutrient amounts above the
UL.
EER - ANSWER-DRI Value
Sufficient Scientific Evidence?
- Yes
