StraighterLine BIO250 - Microbiology Final
Exam Study Guide latest edition 100% PASS
What is a Transforming Infection? - Correct Answers Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to cancer
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What is a lysogenic infection? - Correct Answers Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and is passed on to subsequent generations
II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - Correct Answers Host cell gets so packed with viruses
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - Correct Answers 1.) Isolate and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! ID viruses in clinical specimens
II! II! II! II!
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
II! II! II! II!
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - Correct Answers 1.) Using live animal
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
II! II! II!
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - Correct Answers Prions, viroids,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and satellite viruses.II! II!
II! List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - Correct Answers CHONPS
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
C - arbon
II! II!
H - ydrogen
II! II!
,N - itrogen II! II!
P - hosphate II! II!
S - ulphur II! II!
II! What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? - Correct Answers
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Saprobe: - Correct Answers A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! organisms
II! Define Parasite - Correct Answers An organism that lives in or within a host from which it
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Diffusion: - Correct Answers movement from high to low
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Osmosis: - Correct Answers Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! membrane
II! hypotonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! rushes in, may burst cell II! II! II! II!
II! hypertonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are more concentrated than their environment;
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! isotonic cell: - Correct Answers extracellular environment has the same concentration of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! solutes as the cell cytoplasm II! II! II! II!
, II! types of passive transport - Correct Answers Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! diffusion
II! facilitated diffusion - Correct Answers passive transport: Movement of specific molecules
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! molecule specific II!
transport - Correct Answers Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
binding sites on transport proteins
II! II! II! II! II!
II! simple diffusion - Correct Answers Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! state of random motion
II! II! II!
II! Name three types of active transport: - Correct Answers Carrier mediated, group translocation,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! bulk transport
II!
II! Carrier-mediated Transport is... - Correct Answers Active transport where atoms or molecules II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Group translocation transport is.... - Correct Answers Active transport where molecule is moved
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Bulk transport is.... - Correct Answers active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! enfulcing in a vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - Correct Answers Can use oxygen and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
Exam Study Guide latest edition 100% PASS
What is a Transforming Infection? - Correct Answers Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to cancer
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What is a lysogenic infection? - Correct Answers Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and is passed on to subsequent generations
II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - Correct Answers Host cell gets so packed with viruses
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - Correct Answers 1.) Isolate and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! ID viruses in clinical specimens
II! II! II! II!
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
II! II! II! II!
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - Correct Answers 1.) Using live animal
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
II! II! II!
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - Correct Answers Prions, viroids,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and satellite viruses.II! II!
II! List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - Correct Answers CHONPS
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
C - arbon
II! II!
H - ydrogen
II! II!
,N - itrogen II! II!
P - hosphate II! II!
S - ulphur II! II!
II! What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? - Correct Answers
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Saprobe: - Correct Answers A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! organisms
II! Define Parasite - Correct Answers An organism that lives in or within a host from which it
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Diffusion: - Correct Answers movement from high to low
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Define Osmosis: - Correct Answers Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! membrane
II! hypotonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! rushes in, may burst cell II! II! II! II!
II! hypertonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are more concentrated than their environment;
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! isotonic cell: - Correct Answers extracellular environment has the same concentration of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! solutes as the cell cytoplasm II! II! II! II!
, II! types of passive transport - Correct Answers Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! diffusion
II! facilitated diffusion - Correct Answers passive transport: Movement of specific molecules
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! molecule specific II!
transport - Correct Answers Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
binding sites on transport proteins
II! II! II! II! II!
II! simple diffusion - Correct Answers Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! state of random motion
II! II! II!
II! Name three types of active transport: - Correct Answers Carrier mediated, group translocation,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! bulk transport
II!
II! Carrier-mediated Transport is... - Correct Answers Active transport where atoms or molecules II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Group translocation transport is.... - Correct Answers Active transport where molecule is moved
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Bulk transport is.... - Correct Answers active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! enfulcing in a vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - Correct Answers Can use oxygen and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
