NST 100 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
The anterior portion of the segmental arteries enters the vertebral body and supplies
blood to the cortical and cancellous bone. Segmental arteries are most frequently
encountered surgically in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. - Answer-True
Which are the primary functions of the bone spine? - Answer-- Structural framework
Removal of all of the lamina is also known as: - Answer-laminectomy
Fluoroscopy is used with a C-Arm. - Answer-True
_______ is the oldest of the lumbar interbody fusion techniques (first reported in the
1950s) that uses bilateral interbody implants. - Answer-PLIF
Gas is less translucent than bone. - Answer-False
Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) best used to visualize soft tissue. - Answer-True
What type of lumbar procedure is done in cases where there is primarily neural
impingement as well as pre-existing instability that doesn't utilize interbody? -
Answer-PLF
What is one very common form of instability where there is a slippage between
vertebral bodies? - Answer-Spondylolisthesis
MRIs use radiation to create images. - Answer-False
Which of the following are positive characteristics of MIS procedures? - Answer--
Muscle & soft tissue preservation
- Decreased blood loss
- Faster recovery times
A common cervical procedure performed from the front complete with discectomy,
implant placement, and fixation is referred to as: - Answer-ACDF
What is another term for degenerative disc disease? - Answer-Spondylosis
_____ is a procedure wherein the degenerated disc is removed (as in interbody
fusion procedures). But rather than fusing across the joint, a mobile device is
implanted. - Answer-TDR
_______ procedures are an innovative approach to spine fusion accessing the spine
from the side of the body instead of the front or back like traditional methods. -
Answer-XLIF
,Which of the following conditions are the main reasons that lead to disc tear? -
Answer-Loss of fluid & annular stress
Which cervical pathology occurs when there is erosion of the facet joints, discs, and
interspinous ligaments of C3-C7? - Answer-Sub-axial instability
What imaging modality is used to identify painful discs in the spine? - Answer-
Discography
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to perform or administer a certain
medical treatment is referred to as a: - Answer-Indication
The spinal cord tapers to an end and is referred to as the: - Answer-Conus
Medullaris
The following are common surgical uses of the iliac crest: - Answer-- Additional
fixation for long rod constructs
- Drawing stem cell rich bone marrow aspirate
The curvature of the cervical spine is: - Answer-Lordotic
The combination of the inferior and superior uncinate processes is known as the: -
Answer-Uncovertebral Joint
At each vertebral level from _____________, a pair of segmental arteries branches
posteriorly from the aorta to supply blood to a number of structures including the
vertebral bodies and the spinal cord. - Answer-T4- Sacrum
The largest vein of the body, the vena cava, ascends along the __________ side of
the spine, through the abdomen and thorax to the heart providing venous drainage. -
Answer-Right
The lumbar plexus is formed by which lumbar nerve roots? - Answer-L2 - L5
The ____________________ conduct information and orders from the brain to the
peripheral nervous system to produce a muscular contraction. - Answer-Motor Nerve
Roots
Ventral roots, or motor nerves, are located on the _____ side of the spinal cord. -
Answer-Anterior
Which regions of the spine does the spinal cord completely traverse? - Answer-
Cervical & Thoracic
The Coccyx is 4 small fused vertebrae at the end of the sacrum, referred to as the
tailbone. - Answer-True
, Because the lumbar spine is at the base of the spine, it bears a majority of a
person's upper body weight. - Answer-True
The iliopsoas connects inferiorly to the lesser ____________________. - Answer-
Trochanter
There are _____ sets of cervical nerve roots. - Answer-8
There are _____ vertebrae in the cervical region. - Answer-7
Among the biggest venous structures in the neck are the internal and external
____________, which lie adjacent to the cervical spine. - Answer-Jugular veins
C2 has both lateral masses and pedicles. - Answer-True
_____ is a procedure to stop the motion between two or more vertebrae by
encouraging bone to form across the defect - Answer-Fusion
What is the process of where x-rays stop or get absorbed by objects? - Answer-
Attentuation
The advantage of fluoroscopy is that is creates images in real time - Answer-True
_________ is defined as a fracture or defect in the vertebra in the pars
interarticularis - Answer-Spondylolysis
What color is water on a MRI T2 weighted image? - Answer-White or light gray
Deterioration or disease of the spinal cord is termed: - Answer-Myelopathy
CT are very useful for analyzing - Answer-Bony Anatomy
Which modality is the most common to be used during a procedure in the OR? -
Answer-Fluroroscopy
MRI is a low cost form on diagnostic imaging - Answer-False
Which of the following refers to disease or a disorder of the spinal cord? - Answer-
Myelopathy
What does MRI stand for - Answer-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
What imaging modality is frequently used in conjunction with myelography - Answer-
CT
The removal portion of the lamina is referred to as a - Answer-Laminotomy
Nerve irritation resulting in neurologic deficit, typically radiating pain and/or
weakness in a limb, is also known as - Answer-Radiculopathy
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
The anterior portion of the segmental arteries enters the vertebral body and supplies
blood to the cortical and cancellous bone. Segmental arteries are most frequently
encountered surgically in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. - Answer-True
Which are the primary functions of the bone spine? - Answer-- Structural framework
Removal of all of the lamina is also known as: - Answer-laminectomy
Fluoroscopy is used with a C-Arm. - Answer-True
_______ is the oldest of the lumbar interbody fusion techniques (first reported in the
1950s) that uses bilateral interbody implants. - Answer-PLIF
Gas is less translucent than bone. - Answer-False
Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) best used to visualize soft tissue. - Answer-True
What type of lumbar procedure is done in cases where there is primarily neural
impingement as well as pre-existing instability that doesn't utilize interbody? -
Answer-PLF
What is one very common form of instability where there is a slippage between
vertebral bodies? - Answer-Spondylolisthesis
MRIs use radiation to create images. - Answer-False
Which of the following are positive characteristics of MIS procedures? - Answer--
Muscle & soft tissue preservation
- Decreased blood loss
- Faster recovery times
A common cervical procedure performed from the front complete with discectomy,
implant placement, and fixation is referred to as: - Answer-ACDF
What is another term for degenerative disc disease? - Answer-Spondylosis
_____ is a procedure wherein the degenerated disc is removed (as in interbody
fusion procedures). But rather than fusing across the joint, a mobile device is
implanted. - Answer-TDR
_______ procedures are an innovative approach to spine fusion accessing the spine
from the side of the body instead of the front or back like traditional methods. -
Answer-XLIF
,Which of the following conditions are the main reasons that lead to disc tear? -
Answer-Loss of fluid & annular stress
Which cervical pathology occurs when there is erosion of the facet joints, discs, and
interspinous ligaments of C3-C7? - Answer-Sub-axial instability
What imaging modality is used to identify painful discs in the spine? - Answer-
Discography
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to perform or administer a certain
medical treatment is referred to as a: - Answer-Indication
The spinal cord tapers to an end and is referred to as the: - Answer-Conus
Medullaris
The following are common surgical uses of the iliac crest: - Answer-- Additional
fixation for long rod constructs
- Drawing stem cell rich bone marrow aspirate
The curvature of the cervical spine is: - Answer-Lordotic
The combination of the inferior and superior uncinate processes is known as the: -
Answer-Uncovertebral Joint
At each vertebral level from _____________, a pair of segmental arteries branches
posteriorly from the aorta to supply blood to a number of structures including the
vertebral bodies and the spinal cord. - Answer-T4- Sacrum
The largest vein of the body, the vena cava, ascends along the __________ side of
the spine, through the abdomen and thorax to the heart providing venous drainage. -
Answer-Right
The lumbar plexus is formed by which lumbar nerve roots? - Answer-L2 - L5
The ____________________ conduct information and orders from the brain to the
peripheral nervous system to produce a muscular contraction. - Answer-Motor Nerve
Roots
Ventral roots, or motor nerves, are located on the _____ side of the spinal cord. -
Answer-Anterior
Which regions of the spine does the spinal cord completely traverse? - Answer-
Cervical & Thoracic
The Coccyx is 4 small fused vertebrae at the end of the sacrum, referred to as the
tailbone. - Answer-True
, Because the lumbar spine is at the base of the spine, it bears a majority of a
person's upper body weight. - Answer-True
The iliopsoas connects inferiorly to the lesser ____________________. - Answer-
Trochanter
There are _____ sets of cervical nerve roots. - Answer-8
There are _____ vertebrae in the cervical region. - Answer-7
Among the biggest venous structures in the neck are the internal and external
____________, which lie adjacent to the cervical spine. - Answer-Jugular veins
C2 has both lateral masses and pedicles. - Answer-True
_____ is a procedure to stop the motion between two or more vertebrae by
encouraging bone to form across the defect - Answer-Fusion
What is the process of where x-rays stop or get absorbed by objects? - Answer-
Attentuation
The advantage of fluoroscopy is that is creates images in real time - Answer-True
_________ is defined as a fracture or defect in the vertebra in the pars
interarticularis - Answer-Spondylolysis
What color is water on a MRI T2 weighted image? - Answer-White or light gray
Deterioration or disease of the spinal cord is termed: - Answer-Myelopathy
CT are very useful for analyzing - Answer-Bony Anatomy
Which modality is the most common to be used during a procedure in the OR? -
Answer-Fluroroscopy
MRI is a low cost form on diagnostic imaging - Answer-False
Which of the following refers to disease or a disorder of the spinal cord? - Answer-
Myelopathy
What does MRI stand for - Answer-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
What imaging modality is frequently used in conjunction with myelography - Answer-
CT
The removal portion of the lamina is referred to as a - Answer-Laminotomy
Nerve irritation resulting in neurologic deficit, typically radiating pain and/or
weakness in a limb, is also known as - Answer-Radiculopathy
