GCU BIO 181 Exam 1 Review Questions
and Correct Answers.
What are the five fundamental characteristics of life? - Answer1. Energy
2. Cells
3. Information
4. Replication
5. Evolution
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer1. Observation
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Test
5. Results/Conclusion
How does a null hypothesis of an experiment differ from the hypothesis? - AnswerA
null hypothesis specifies what should be observed if the hypothesis is incorrect and a
hypothesis is a testable statement to explain a phenomenon or a set of observations
Why are controls an important part of good experimental design? - Answer1. They
allow for casual relationship to be established, allows for direct comparison.
2. If one group works one doesn't know if the next one will, you must have many test
groups.
3. More accurate, represents population better
What is the benefit of having a large sample size? - AnswerMultiple experiments,
better controls
What does the cell theory state? - Answer1.All organisms are made up of cells
2. All cells come from preexisting cells
What disaproves the cell theory? - AnswerSpontaneous generation
To a cell, what is the benefit of having a high surface area to volume ratio? How does
this affect cell size? - AnswerThe more surface area the more efficient a cell can be
because it can store more organelles to work. It is also more efficient in transporting
things in and out of a cell. THE SMALLER THE CELL THE MORE EFFICIENT IT WILL
BE.
During nuclear transport, what materials enter/exit the nucleus? - AnswerEnter: RNA
and DNA nucleotides and proteins through the nuclear envelope
Exit: mRNA and ribosomes leave through the nuclear envelope
, What does NLS stand for? - AnswerNuclear localization signal ("zipcode" that allows
entry into the nucleus)
Prokaryotic cell - Answer1. Older
2. 1-10 micrometers
3. No nucleus
4. No membrane closed organelles
5. Cell wall
6. No cytoskeleton
7. Small ribosomes
8. DNA in nucleoid
9. Binary fusion for cell division
10. No sexual recombination
Eukaryotic cell - Answer1. Younger
2. 10-100 micrometers
3. Nucleus
4. Includes membrane closed organelles
5. Cell wall in plants
6. Cytoskeleton
7. Large ribosomes
8. DNA in nucleus
9. Mitosis for cell division
10. Meiosis for sexual recombination
Animal cells - Answer1. Lysosomes
2. Many small vacuoles
3. Nucleus is usually in the center
4. Rounded
5. Centrioles
Plants cells - Answer1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell walls
3. One large central vacuole
4. Nucleus usually pushed to the side
5. Rectangularish
Nucleus - AnswerDouble membrane
Information storage and transmission
Ribosome subunit assembly, structural support
Ribosomes - AnswerNo membrane
Protein synthesis
Rough ER - AnswerSingle membrane
and Correct Answers.
What are the five fundamental characteristics of life? - Answer1. Energy
2. Cells
3. Information
4. Replication
5. Evolution
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer1. Observation
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Test
5. Results/Conclusion
How does a null hypothesis of an experiment differ from the hypothesis? - AnswerA
null hypothesis specifies what should be observed if the hypothesis is incorrect and a
hypothesis is a testable statement to explain a phenomenon or a set of observations
Why are controls an important part of good experimental design? - Answer1. They
allow for casual relationship to be established, allows for direct comparison.
2. If one group works one doesn't know if the next one will, you must have many test
groups.
3. More accurate, represents population better
What is the benefit of having a large sample size? - AnswerMultiple experiments,
better controls
What does the cell theory state? - Answer1.All organisms are made up of cells
2. All cells come from preexisting cells
What disaproves the cell theory? - AnswerSpontaneous generation
To a cell, what is the benefit of having a high surface area to volume ratio? How does
this affect cell size? - AnswerThe more surface area the more efficient a cell can be
because it can store more organelles to work. It is also more efficient in transporting
things in and out of a cell. THE SMALLER THE CELL THE MORE EFFICIENT IT WILL
BE.
During nuclear transport, what materials enter/exit the nucleus? - AnswerEnter: RNA
and DNA nucleotides and proteins through the nuclear envelope
Exit: mRNA and ribosomes leave through the nuclear envelope
, What does NLS stand for? - AnswerNuclear localization signal ("zipcode" that allows
entry into the nucleus)
Prokaryotic cell - Answer1. Older
2. 1-10 micrometers
3. No nucleus
4. No membrane closed organelles
5. Cell wall
6. No cytoskeleton
7. Small ribosomes
8. DNA in nucleoid
9. Binary fusion for cell division
10. No sexual recombination
Eukaryotic cell - Answer1. Younger
2. 10-100 micrometers
3. Nucleus
4. Includes membrane closed organelles
5. Cell wall in plants
6. Cytoskeleton
7. Large ribosomes
8. DNA in nucleus
9. Mitosis for cell division
10. Meiosis for sexual recombination
Animal cells - Answer1. Lysosomes
2. Many small vacuoles
3. Nucleus is usually in the center
4. Rounded
5. Centrioles
Plants cells - Answer1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell walls
3. One large central vacuole
4. Nucleus usually pushed to the side
5. Rectangularish
Nucleus - AnswerDouble membrane
Information storage and transmission
Ribosome subunit assembly, structural support
Ribosomes - AnswerNo membrane
Protein synthesis
Rough ER - AnswerSingle membrane
