2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔Ordinal Data - ✔✔Data that is set into some kind of order on a scale. Example:
Athletes on the podium during the Olympic games.
✔✔Continuous Data - ✔✔Data that can lay along any point. Example: Height, Run
Times
✔✔Discrete Data - ✔✔Data that can only take on whole values and has clear
boundaries. Example: Number of students in a class room.
✔✔Inferential Statistics - ✔✔Used to make predictions about a population from a
sample.
✔✔IQR (Inter-quartile Range) - ✔✔The difference in value between the bottom and the
top 25% of the sample.
✔✔Cumulative Distribution - ✔✔The probability that a random variable will be found at a
value less than or equal to a given number.
✔✔Confidence Interval - ✔✔An internal estimate used to indicate reliability.
✔✔Complement - ✔✔The occurrence of an event not happening, the opposite.
✔✔Descriptive Statistics - ✔✔Statistics that are used to describe a population from
observations of that whole population.
✔✔Standard Error of the Mean - ✔✔An estimate of the distance between the sample
mean and the population mean.
✔✔Experience Curve - ✔✔Shows the decline in cost per unit in various business
functions of the value chain as the amount of these activities increases.
✔✔Standard Error of the Mean - ✔✔Average deviations of the data point from the
regression line or curve.
✔✔Multicollinearity - ✔✔A multiple regression is flawed because two variables thought
to be independent are actually correlated to be independent.
✔✔Logistic Regression - ✔✔Analysis that predicts the result of a binary, categorical
dependent variable.
✔✔Tree Diagram - ✔✔Tool that uses steps to break a topic down into its components.
, ✔✔Regression Analysis - ✔✔Used to predict future data values. A Statistical process
for estimating the relationships among variables. It includes many techniques for
modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship
between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
✔✔Control Limits - ✔✔Area composed of three standard deviations on either side of the
center line.
✔✔Lean - ✔✔A method for when a manager seeks to maximize customer value while
minimizing waste.
✔✔Network Diagram - ✔✔Graphic representation of the schedule that shows the
sequence of project activities.
✔✔Process Decision Program Chart - ✔✔A Tree Diagram designed to help uncover
counter measures or contingency plans so problems can be solved quickly or avoided.
✔✔SIPOC - ✔✔Suppliers, Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and Customers
✔✔Variable Data - ✔✔Data that shows how well a result meets a requirement, often
shown on a scale or as a rating.
✔✔Affinity Diagram - ✔✔Tool that helps teams sort verbal data or ideas into categories
for further investigation or evaluation.
✔✔Data Mining - ✔✔Process of discovering patterns in large data sets.
✔✔Consumer Price Index - ✔✔A measure of the price level of a defined "Basket" of
consumer items purchased by households.
✔✔Simple Price Index - ✔✔A measure that shows the relative change in a price or
quantity of a single good with respect to time.
✔✔Simple Composite Index - ✔✔Created when a researcher gathers data from many
different sources without weighting any data more than the other.
✔✔Weighted Composite Index - ✔✔Created when a researcher applies more weight to
certain goods or services.
✔✔Cost - Effective Analysis - ✔✔A goal is determined and the cost of achieving said
goal is analyzed.