Micro 250 microbiology final Straighterline Prep Exam

phylogeny - Correct Ans-The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. Last Universal Common Ancestor - Correct Ans-The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. always harmful to their host - Correct Ans-Organisms called parasites are ______. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - Correct Ans-Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? Electrons - Correct Ans-The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. respiratory disease - Correct Ans-The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. saturated - Correct Ans-A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. lipid - Correct Ans-One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? 95X - Correct Ans-If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - Correct Ans-NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? electron - Correct Ans-Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? a solid medium - Correct Ans-Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - Correct Ans-a spongiform encephalopathy of humans amphitrichous - Correct Ans-The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. saprobe - Correct Ans-In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton? gram-negative - Correct Ans-During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. 80s - Correct Ans-The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - Correct Ans-Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? icosahedral - Correct Ans-One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid. fecal oral - Correct Ans-Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through lysogeny - Correct Ans-the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome envelope - Correct Ans-Which of the following is not associated with every virus? palisade - Correct Ans-When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______. histones - Correct Ans-proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. tropisms - Correct Ans-Viral tissue specificities are called ______. lophotrichous - Correct Ans-the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. mutualistic - Correct Ans-E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship. mutualistic - Correct Ans-Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. lag phase - Correct Ans-The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. hypotonic - Correct Ans-The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions. photoheterotroph - Correct Ans-This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this organism would be ______. thermoduric microbe - Correct Ans-A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______. Noncompetitive inhibition - Correct Ans-the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site catalysts for RNA splicing - Correct Ans-Ribozymes are ______. coenzymes - Correct Ans-Most electron carriers are ______. 2 - Correct Ans-what is the usual net production of ATP? aerobic cellular respiration - Correct Ans-Exergonic reactions occur during one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar - Correct Ans-Each nucleotide is composed of deletion and insertion - Correct Ans-A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations. genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of expressed proteins - Correct Ans-The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that eukaryotes - Correct Ans-endosymbiotic theory adenine-thymine - Correct Ans-Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area. capsid - Correct Ans-A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. hyphae - Correct Ans-The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______. the electron transport system - Correct Ans-in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced? generalized transduction - Correct Ans-A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of capsule - Correct Ans-Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis? DNA ligase - Correct Ans-Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by _______. taxonomy - Correct Ans-Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? trace elements - Correct Ans-Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure. host glycoproteins - Correct Ans-Viruses attach to their hosts via ______. bright-field - Correct Ans-Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background? photosystems - Correct Ans-The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the ______. viroids - Correct Ans-Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______. The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant - Correct Ans-The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started? obligate anaerobe - Correct Ans-An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a(n) ______. saturated - Correct Ans-A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. mycobacterium - Correct Ans-A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______. macronutrients - Correct Ans-Microorganisms require large quantities of ______ for use in cell structure and metabolism. animals - Correct Ans-Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______. contain unique, waxy lipids - Correct Ans-Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls only one identified species of microorganism