TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2025 COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
According |to |newtons |law |which |of |these |two |force |is |greater: |size |or |force? |- |ANSNeither.
|For |each |force |there |is |an |equal |and |opposite |reaction.
Define |Cushing's |triad |- |ANSBradycardia, |progressive |hypertension |(widening |pulse
|pressure), |and |decreased |respiratory |effort
Define |the |characteristics |of |neurogenic |shock |- |ANSDistributive |shock |with |a |T6 |or
|higher |injury |results |and |vasodilation, |bradycardia, |flushed |warm |dry |skin. |Risk |for
|temperature |instability. |Nursing |interventions |include |maintaining |warmth |and |spinal
|stabilization.
Define |the |characteristics |of |spinal |shock |- |ANSTransient |loss |of |function |can |include |loss
|of |reflexes |and |muscle |tone |below |the |level |of |industry |with |possible |vascular |response.
Describe |one |fat |embolism |syndrome |is |most |likely |to |occur |in |its |characteristics |-
|ANSWith |longform |fractures. |Tachycardia, |Thrombocytopenia, |and |petechiae |rash.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |cardiogenic |shock |- |ANSCardiogenic |shock |results |from
|pump |failure |in |the |presence |of |adequate |intravascular |volume. |Lack |of |cardiac |output
|and |an |organ |perfusion |occurs |secondary |to |a |decrease |in |myocardial |contractility |and |or
|valvular |insufficiency. |This |can |happen |with |blunt |cardiac |trauma |or |an |MI. |Symptoms |can
|include |low |blood |pressure |increase |heart |rate |and |respiratory |rate |chest |pain |shortness
|of |breath |dysrhythmias |increase |troponin |and |pale |cool |moist |skin
Describe |the |characteristics |of |distributive |shock. |- |ANSDistributive |shock |occurs |as |a
|result |of |Mel |distribution |of |an |adequate |circulating |blood |volume |with |the |loss |of
|vascular |tone |or |increased |permeability. |This |can |occur |with |spinal |cord |injuries, |sepsis,
|or |anaphylaxis. |Symptoms |include |low |blood |pressure |heart |rate |respiratory |rate
|preload |and |afterload, |spinal |tenderness, |difficulty |breathing, |warm |pink |and |dry |skin
|with |a |cool |core |temperature.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |hypovolemic |shock |- |ANSHypovolemia |is |caused |by |a
|decrease |in |the |amount |of |circulating |volume |usually |caused |by |massive |bleeding, |but
|also |can |be |from |vomiting |and |diarrhea. |Characteristics |include |low |blood |pressure |and
|preload, |increase |heart |rate |respiratory |rate |and |afterload, |with |contractility |unchanged.
|Signs |include |obvious |bleeding, |weak |peripheral |pulses, |pale |cool |and |moist |skin,
|distended |abdomen, |pelvic |fracture, |or |bruise |swollen |and |deformed |extremities
|especially |long |bones.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |obstructive |shock |- |ANSObstructive |shock |is |it
|mechanical |problem |that |results |from |hypoperfusion |of |the |tissue |due |to |an |obstruction |in
|either |the |vasculature |or |the |heart |resulting |in |decreased |cardiac |output. |Some
,causes |include |a |tension |pneumothorax, |cardiac |tamponade, |or |venous |air |embolism |on
|the |right |side |of |the |heart |during |systole |in |the |pulmonary |artery.Signs |include |anxiety,
|muffled |heart |sounds, |JVD, |hypertension, |chest |pain, |difficulty |breathing, |or |pulses
|paradoxes.
Describe |the |four |types |of |spinal |cord |injury |- |ANSCentral |cord |injury |results |in |greater
|weakness |distally, |anterior |injury |includes |motor |loss |or |weakness |below |the |cord |level |of
|injury |yet |sensory |is |intact, |Brown-Sequard |(hemicord) |is |weak |on |one |side |with |sensory
|deficit |on |opposite |side, |posterior |cord |syndrome |although |rare |is |when |the |patient |is
|unable |to |use |sense |vibration |in |proprioception
Describe |the |measurement |of |an |NPA |- |ANSMeasure |from |the |tip |of |the |patient's |nose |to
|the |tip |of |the |patients |earlobe.
Differentiate |between |the |three |impacts |of |motor |vehicle |impact |sequence. |- |ANSThe |first
|impact |occurs |when |the |vehicle |collided |with |another |object. |The |second |impact |occurs
|after |the |initial |impact |when |the |occupant |continues |to |move |in |the |original |direction |of
|travel |until |they |collide |with |the |interior |of |the |vehicle |or |meet |resistance. |The |third |impact
|occurs |when |internal |structures |collide |within |the |body |cavity.
Measurement |of |an |OPA |- |ANSPlace |the |proximal |end |or |flange |of |the |airway |adjunct |at
|the |corner |of |the |mouth |to |the |tip |of |the |mandibular |angle.
Name |the |three |ways |to |confirm |ETT |placement |- |ANSPlacement |of |a |CO2 |monitoring
|device, |Assessing |for |equal |chest |rise |and |fall, |and |listening |at |the |epigastrium |and |four
|lung |fields |for |equal |breath |sounds.
True |or |false: |NPAs |and |OPAs |are |definitive |airways. |- |ANSFalse. |When |placing |one |of
|these? |One |should |consider |the |potential |need |for |a |definitive |airway.
What |are |contributing |factors |to |injuries |related |to |blunt |traumas? |- |ANSThe |point |of
|impact |on |the |patient's |body, |the |type |of |surface |that |is |hit, |the |tissues |ability |to |resist |(bone
|versus |soft |tissue, |air-filled |versus |solid |organs), |and |the |trajectory |of |force.
What |are |the |early |signs |of |increased |Intracranial |pressure |- |ANSheadache, |vomiting,
|behavioral |changes |that |begin |with |restlessness |and |may |progress |to |confusion,
|drowsiness, |or |impaired |judgment
What |are |the |four |types |of |shock? |- |ANSHypovolemic, |Cardiogenic, |Obstructive, |&
|Distributive
What |are |the |four |types |of |trauma |related |injuries? |- |ANSBlunt, |penetrating, |thermal, |or
|blast.
,What |are |the |greatest |risks |for |transport? |- |ANSLoss |of |airway |patency, |displaced
|obstructive |tubes |lines |or |catheters, |dislodge |splinting |devices, |need |to |replace |or
|reinforce |dressings, |deterioration |in |patient |status |change |in |vital |signs |or |level |of
|consciousness, |injury |to |the |patient |and/or |team |members
What |are |the |late |signs |of |Increased |intracranial |pressure |- |ANSdilated, |non-reactive
|pupil(s); |abnormal |motor |posturing |(flexion, |extension, |flaccidity); |Cushing's |triad,
|Unresponsive |to |per |verbal |and |painful |stimuli, |bradycardia |and |decreased |respiratory
|effort
What |are |the |seven |patterns |of |pathway |injuries |related |to |motor |vehicle |accidents? |-
|ANSUp |and |over, |down |and |under, |lateral, |rotational, |rear, |roll |over, |and |ejection.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |decompensated |shock? |- |ANSDecreased |level |of
|consciousness, |hypertension, |narrow |pulse |pressure, |tachycardia |with |weak |pulses,
|tachypnea, |skin |that |is |cool |clammy |and |cyanotic, |base |access |outside |the |normal
|range, |and |serum |lactate |levels |greater |than |two |to |4MMOL/L.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |irreversible |shock? |- |ANSObtunded |stuporous |or
|comatose |state, |marked |hypertension |and |heart |failure, |bradycardia |with |possible
|dysrhythmias, |decreased |and |shallow |respiratory |rate, |pale |cool |and |clammy |skin,
|kidney |liver |and |other |organ |failure, |severe |acidosis, |elevated |lactic |acid |levels,
|worsening |base |access |on |ABGs, |coagulopathies |with |petechiae |purpura |or |bleeding.
What |are |the |signs |of |compensated |shock? |- |ANSAnxiety, |confusion, |restlessness,
|increased |respiratory |rate, |narrowing |pulse |pressure |were |diastolic |increases |yet
|systolic |remains |unchanged, |tachycardia |with |bounding |pulses, |and |decreased |urinary
|output
What |are |the |symptoms |of |a |subdural |hematoma? |- |ANSDecreased |LOC, |nausea |vomiting
|headache |and |ipsilateral |pupillary |changes
What |are |the |three |factors |that |contribute |to |the |damage |caused |by |penetrating
|trauma's? |- |ANSThe |point |of |impact, |the |velocity |and |speed |of |impact, |and |the |proximity |to
|the |object.
What |are |the |three |processes |that |transfer |oxygen |from |the |air |to |the |lungs |and |blood
|stream |- |ANSVentilation: |the |active |mechanical |movement |of |air |into |and |out |of |the
|lungs; |diffusion: |the |passive |movement |of |gases |from |an |area |of |higher |concentration |to
|an |area |of |lower |concentration; |and |perfusion: |the |movement |of |blood |to |and |from |the
|lungs |as |a |delivery |medium |of |oxygen |to |the |entire |body.
What |are |the |three |stages |of |shock |- |ANSCompensated, |decompensated |or |progressive,
|and |irreversible.
, What |are |the |treatment |goals |for |a |TBI? |- |ANSO2 |saturation |> |or |equal |to |95%, |systolic
|blood |pressure |> |or |equal |to |100 |MMHG, |ICP |< |15 |MMHG, |CPP |> |or |equal |to |60 |MMHG,
|normal |glycemia, |hemoglobin |> |or |equal |to |7 |g/DL, |sodium |135-145, |osmotic |diuretics,
|anti-emetics, |sedatives, |anticonvulsants, |head |of |bed |at |30°, |and |neck |at |midline
What |causes |quarternary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSAll |explosion |related |injuries,
|illnesses, |or |diseases |not |due |to |the |first |three |mechanisms. |Injuries |include |external |and
|internal |burns, |crush |injuries, |closed |and |open |brain |injuries, |asthmatic |or |breathing
|problems |from |dust |smoke |or |toxic |fumes, |angina, |or |hyper |glycemia |and |hypertension.
What |causes |quinary |effects |of |blasts |traumas? |- |ANSThose |associated |with |exposure |to
|hazardous |materials |from |radioactive, |biologic, |or |chemical |components |of |a |blast.
|Injuries |include |a |variety |of |health |effects |depending |on |agent.
What |causes |the |primary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSThe |direct |blast |effects. |Types |of
|injuries |include |last |long, |tympanic |membrane |rupture |and |middle |ear |damage,
|abdominal |hemorrhage |and |perforation, |global |rupture, |mild |Trumatic |brain |injury.
What |causes |the |secondary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSProjectiles |propelled |by |the
|explosion. |Injuries |include |penetrating |or |blunt |injuries |or |I |penetration.
What |causes |the |tertiary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSResults |from |individuals |being
|thrown |by |the |blast |wind. |Injuries |include |hole |or |partial |body |translocation |from |being
|thrown |against |a |hard |service: |blunt |or |penetrating |trauma's, |fractures, |traumatic
|amputations.
What |is |a |trademark |symptom |of |an |epidural |hematoma |- |ANSLoss |of |consciousness |then
|awake |and |alert |then |loss |of |consciousness
What |is |bending? |- |ANSLoading |about |an |axis. |Bending |causes |compression |on |the |side
|the |person |is |bending |toward |intention |to |the |opposite |side
What |is |combined |loading? |- |ANSAny |combination |of |tension |compression |torsion |bending
|and/or |shear.
What |is |compression? |- |ANSCrushing |by |squeezing |together
What |is |Cullen's |sign |and |its |significance? |- |ANSCullens |sign |is |periumbilical |bruising |and
|is |indicative |of |intraperitoneal |bleeding
What |is |shearing? |- |ANSDamage |by |tearing |or |bending |by |exerting |faucet |different |parts |in
|opposite |directions |at |the |same |time.
What |is |tension? |- |ANSstretching |force |by |pulling |at |opposite |ends
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
According |to |newtons |law |which |of |these |two |force |is |greater: |size |or |force? |- |ANSNeither.
|For |each |force |there |is |an |equal |and |opposite |reaction.
Define |Cushing's |triad |- |ANSBradycardia, |progressive |hypertension |(widening |pulse
|pressure), |and |decreased |respiratory |effort
Define |the |characteristics |of |neurogenic |shock |- |ANSDistributive |shock |with |a |T6 |or
|higher |injury |results |and |vasodilation, |bradycardia, |flushed |warm |dry |skin. |Risk |for
|temperature |instability. |Nursing |interventions |include |maintaining |warmth |and |spinal
|stabilization.
Define |the |characteristics |of |spinal |shock |- |ANSTransient |loss |of |function |can |include |loss
|of |reflexes |and |muscle |tone |below |the |level |of |industry |with |possible |vascular |response.
Describe |one |fat |embolism |syndrome |is |most |likely |to |occur |in |its |characteristics |-
|ANSWith |longform |fractures. |Tachycardia, |Thrombocytopenia, |and |petechiae |rash.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |cardiogenic |shock |- |ANSCardiogenic |shock |results |from
|pump |failure |in |the |presence |of |adequate |intravascular |volume. |Lack |of |cardiac |output
|and |an |organ |perfusion |occurs |secondary |to |a |decrease |in |myocardial |contractility |and |or
|valvular |insufficiency. |This |can |happen |with |blunt |cardiac |trauma |or |an |MI. |Symptoms |can
|include |low |blood |pressure |increase |heart |rate |and |respiratory |rate |chest |pain |shortness
|of |breath |dysrhythmias |increase |troponin |and |pale |cool |moist |skin
Describe |the |characteristics |of |distributive |shock. |- |ANSDistributive |shock |occurs |as |a
|result |of |Mel |distribution |of |an |adequate |circulating |blood |volume |with |the |loss |of
|vascular |tone |or |increased |permeability. |This |can |occur |with |spinal |cord |injuries, |sepsis,
|or |anaphylaxis. |Symptoms |include |low |blood |pressure |heart |rate |respiratory |rate
|preload |and |afterload, |spinal |tenderness, |difficulty |breathing, |warm |pink |and |dry |skin
|with |a |cool |core |temperature.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |hypovolemic |shock |- |ANSHypovolemia |is |caused |by |a
|decrease |in |the |amount |of |circulating |volume |usually |caused |by |massive |bleeding, |but
|also |can |be |from |vomiting |and |diarrhea. |Characteristics |include |low |blood |pressure |and
|preload, |increase |heart |rate |respiratory |rate |and |afterload, |with |contractility |unchanged.
|Signs |include |obvious |bleeding, |weak |peripheral |pulses, |pale |cool |and |moist |skin,
|distended |abdomen, |pelvic |fracture, |or |bruise |swollen |and |deformed |extremities
|especially |long |bones.
Describe |the |characteristics |of |obstructive |shock |- |ANSObstructive |shock |is |it
|mechanical |problem |that |results |from |hypoperfusion |of |the |tissue |due |to |an |obstruction |in
|either |the |vasculature |or |the |heart |resulting |in |decreased |cardiac |output. |Some
,causes |include |a |tension |pneumothorax, |cardiac |tamponade, |or |venous |air |embolism |on
|the |right |side |of |the |heart |during |systole |in |the |pulmonary |artery.Signs |include |anxiety,
|muffled |heart |sounds, |JVD, |hypertension, |chest |pain, |difficulty |breathing, |or |pulses
|paradoxes.
Describe |the |four |types |of |spinal |cord |injury |- |ANSCentral |cord |injury |results |in |greater
|weakness |distally, |anterior |injury |includes |motor |loss |or |weakness |below |the |cord |level |of
|injury |yet |sensory |is |intact, |Brown-Sequard |(hemicord) |is |weak |on |one |side |with |sensory
|deficit |on |opposite |side, |posterior |cord |syndrome |although |rare |is |when |the |patient |is
|unable |to |use |sense |vibration |in |proprioception
Describe |the |measurement |of |an |NPA |- |ANSMeasure |from |the |tip |of |the |patient's |nose |to
|the |tip |of |the |patients |earlobe.
Differentiate |between |the |three |impacts |of |motor |vehicle |impact |sequence. |- |ANSThe |first
|impact |occurs |when |the |vehicle |collided |with |another |object. |The |second |impact |occurs
|after |the |initial |impact |when |the |occupant |continues |to |move |in |the |original |direction |of
|travel |until |they |collide |with |the |interior |of |the |vehicle |or |meet |resistance. |The |third |impact
|occurs |when |internal |structures |collide |within |the |body |cavity.
Measurement |of |an |OPA |- |ANSPlace |the |proximal |end |or |flange |of |the |airway |adjunct |at
|the |corner |of |the |mouth |to |the |tip |of |the |mandibular |angle.
Name |the |three |ways |to |confirm |ETT |placement |- |ANSPlacement |of |a |CO2 |monitoring
|device, |Assessing |for |equal |chest |rise |and |fall, |and |listening |at |the |epigastrium |and |four
|lung |fields |for |equal |breath |sounds.
True |or |false: |NPAs |and |OPAs |are |definitive |airways. |- |ANSFalse. |When |placing |one |of
|these? |One |should |consider |the |potential |need |for |a |definitive |airway.
What |are |contributing |factors |to |injuries |related |to |blunt |traumas? |- |ANSThe |point |of
|impact |on |the |patient's |body, |the |type |of |surface |that |is |hit, |the |tissues |ability |to |resist |(bone
|versus |soft |tissue, |air-filled |versus |solid |organs), |and |the |trajectory |of |force.
What |are |the |early |signs |of |increased |Intracranial |pressure |- |ANSheadache, |vomiting,
|behavioral |changes |that |begin |with |restlessness |and |may |progress |to |confusion,
|drowsiness, |or |impaired |judgment
What |are |the |four |types |of |shock? |- |ANSHypovolemic, |Cardiogenic, |Obstructive, |&
|Distributive
What |are |the |four |types |of |trauma |related |injuries? |- |ANSBlunt, |penetrating, |thermal, |or
|blast.
,What |are |the |greatest |risks |for |transport? |- |ANSLoss |of |airway |patency, |displaced
|obstructive |tubes |lines |or |catheters, |dislodge |splinting |devices, |need |to |replace |or
|reinforce |dressings, |deterioration |in |patient |status |change |in |vital |signs |or |level |of
|consciousness, |injury |to |the |patient |and/or |team |members
What |are |the |late |signs |of |Increased |intracranial |pressure |- |ANSdilated, |non-reactive
|pupil(s); |abnormal |motor |posturing |(flexion, |extension, |flaccidity); |Cushing's |triad,
|Unresponsive |to |per |verbal |and |painful |stimuli, |bradycardia |and |decreased |respiratory
|effort
What |are |the |seven |patterns |of |pathway |injuries |related |to |motor |vehicle |accidents? |-
|ANSUp |and |over, |down |and |under, |lateral, |rotational, |rear, |roll |over, |and |ejection.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |decompensated |shock? |- |ANSDecreased |level |of
|consciousness, |hypertension, |narrow |pulse |pressure, |tachycardia |with |weak |pulses,
|tachypnea, |skin |that |is |cool |clammy |and |cyanotic, |base |access |outside |the |normal
|range, |and |serum |lactate |levels |greater |than |two |to |4MMOL/L.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |irreversible |shock? |- |ANSObtunded |stuporous |or
|comatose |state, |marked |hypertension |and |heart |failure, |bradycardia |with |possible
|dysrhythmias, |decreased |and |shallow |respiratory |rate, |pale |cool |and |clammy |skin,
|kidney |liver |and |other |organ |failure, |severe |acidosis, |elevated |lactic |acid |levels,
|worsening |base |access |on |ABGs, |coagulopathies |with |petechiae |purpura |or |bleeding.
What |are |the |signs |of |compensated |shock? |- |ANSAnxiety, |confusion, |restlessness,
|increased |respiratory |rate, |narrowing |pulse |pressure |were |diastolic |increases |yet
|systolic |remains |unchanged, |tachycardia |with |bounding |pulses, |and |decreased |urinary
|output
What |are |the |symptoms |of |a |subdural |hematoma? |- |ANSDecreased |LOC, |nausea |vomiting
|headache |and |ipsilateral |pupillary |changes
What |are |the |three |factors |that |contribute |to |the |damage |caused |by |penetrating
|trauma's? |- |ANSThe |point |of |impact, |the |velocity |and |speed |of |impact, |and |the |proximity |to
|the |object.
What |are |the |three |processes |that |transfer |oxygen |from |the |air |to |the |lungs |and |blood
|stream |- |ANSVentilation: |the |active |mechanical |movement |of |air |into |and |out |of |the
|lungs; |diffusion: |the |passive |movement |of |gases |from |an |area |of |higher |concentration |to
|an |area |of |lower |concentration; |and |perfusion: |the |movement |of |blood |to |and |from |the
|lungs |as |a |delivery |medium |of |oxygen |to |the |entire |body.
What |are |the |three |stages |of |shock |- |ANSCompensated, |decompensated |or |progressive,
|and |irreversible.
, What |are |the |treatment |goals |for |a |TBI? |- |ANSO2 |saturation |> |or |equal |to |95%, |systolic
|blood |pressure |> |or |equal |to |100 |MMHG, |ICP |< |15 |MMHG, |CPP |> |or |equal |to |60 |MMHG,
|normal |glycemia, |hemoglobin |> |or |equal |to |7 |g/DL, |sodium |135-145, |osmotic |diuretics,
|anti-emetics, |sedatives, |anticonvulsants, |head |of |bed |at |30°, |and |neck |at |midline
What |causes |quarternary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSAll |explosion |related |injuries,
|illnesses, |or |diseases |not |due |to |the |first |three |mechanisms. |Injuries |include |external |and
|internal |burns, |crush |injuries, |closed |and |open |brain |injuries, |asthmatic |or |breathing
|problems |from |dust |smoke |or |toxic |fumes, |angina, |or |hyper |glycemia |and |hypertension.
What |causes |quinary |effects |of |blasts |traumas? |- |ANSThose |associated |with |exposure |to
|hazardous |materials |from |radioactive, |biologic, |or |chemical |components |of |a |blast.
|Injuries |include |a |variety |of |health |effects |depending |on |agent.
What |causes |the |primary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSThe |direct |blast |effects. |Types |of
|injuries |include |last |long, |tympanic |membrane |rupture |and |middle |ear |damage,
|abdominal |hemorrhage |and |perforation, |global |rupture, |mild |Trumatic |brain |injury.
What |causes |the |secondary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSProjectiles |propelled |by |the
|explosion. |Injuries |include |penetrating |or |blunt |injuries |or |I |penetration.
What |causes |the |tertiary |effects |of |blast |traumas? |- |ANSResults |from |individuals |being
|thrown |by |the |blast |wind. |Injuries |include |hole |or |partial |body |translocation |from |being
|thrown |against |a |hard |service: |blunt |or |penetrating |trauma's, |fractures, |traumatic
|amputations.
What |is |a |trademark |symptom |of |an |epidural |hematoma |- |ANSLoss |of |consciousness |then
|awake |and |alert |then |loss |of |consciousness
What |is |bending? |- |ANSLoading |about |an |axis. |Bending |causes |compression |on |the |side
|the |person |is |bending |toward |intention |to |the |opposite |side
What |is |combined |loading? |- |ANSAny |combination |of |tension |compression |torsion |bending
|and/or |shear.
What |is |compression? |- |ANSCrushing |by |squeezing |together
What |is |Cullen's |sign |and |its |significance? |- |ANSCullens |sign |is |periumbilical |bruising |and
|is |indicative |of |intraperitoneal |bleeding
What |is |shearing? |- |ANSDamage |by |tearing |or |bending |by |exerting |faucet |different |parts |in
|opposite |directions |at |the |same |time.
What |is |tension? |- |ANSstretching |force |by |pulling |at |opposite |ends
