nursing test bank 202 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded AI+

nursing test bank 202 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded AI+ c - Answer: Despite significant improvements in the overall health status of the U.S. population over the past few decades, disparities among ethnic and racial minorities have a.Decreased as education levels equal those of non-Hispanic whites. b.Disappeared in relation to non-Hispanic white populations. c.Remained a serious challenge locally and nationally. d.Decreased faster than anticipated. a - Answer: Eliminating disparities in the health status of people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds has become one of the two most important priorities of Healthy People 2020 because populations with health disparities have a.Increased incidence of disease. b.Lower levels of morbidity. c.Lower mortality rates. d.Decreased incidence of disease. a - Answer: According to the Office of Minority Health (OMH), the thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups are known as a.Culture. b.Subculture. c.Ethnicity. d.Cultural backlash. a - Answer: When asked to describe the differences between ethnicity and race, what should the student nurse explain? a.Ethnicity refers to a shared identity, whereas race is limited to biological attributes. b.Ethnicity and race are actually the same and are based in cultural norms. c.Ethnicity can be understood only through an ethic worldview. d.Race refers to a shared identity, whereas ethnicity is limited to biological attributes. b - Answer: Care that includes the nurse learning about cultural issues involved in the patient's health care belief system and enable patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive care is known as a.Ethnocentrism. b.Culturally competent care. c.Cultural imposition. d.Culturally congruent care. a - Answer: The nurse is caring for a Native American who has had recent surgery. In the patient's culture, it is a sign of weakness to complain of pain. In the nurse's culture, people who are having pain ask for pain medicine. The nurse has assumed that the patient has not been having pain and does not need medication because he has not complained of pain. What is the nurse doing? a.Utilizing cultural imposition by not asking the patient about his pain b.Striving to provide culturally congruent care by allowing the patient to suffer c.Operating from an emic worldview of the patient's cultural beliefs d.Practicing discrimination by not giving the patient pain medicine a - Answer: n performing a cultural assessment, knowledge of a patient's country of origin and its history and ecological contexts is known as a.Ethnohistory. b.Biocultural history. c.Social organization. d.Religious and spiritual beliefs. d - Answer: The nurse is caring for a patient of Asian descent who speaks very little English. The nurse is especially concerned and attempts to develop a trusting relationship with the patient. She does this knowing that a.Cultural assessment needs to be done quickly to provide the best care early. b.Miscommunication cannot be tolerated in cultural assessment. c.The goal is to get the patient to conform to American health care norms. d.Cultural assessment is intrusive in contrast to other types of interviews. a - Answer: The nurse is caring for a patient who has emigrated from another country. The patient is in need of abdominal surgery but seems reluctant to sign the surgical permits. What is one tactic that the nurse should use? a.Determine the family social hierarchy. b.Encourage the patient to sign the permits. c.Call the physician so that surgery can be canceled. d.Impress on the patient that her life is in jeopardy. b - Answer: The nurse is caring for a Chinese patient who is reluctant to answer questions about her health background. The nurse asks the patient if she would like her husband present when health questions are asked. The nurse does this knowing that the Chinese culture is a collectivistic and patrilineal culture. What does this mean? a.Kinship extends to both the father's side and the mother's side of the family. b.Kinship is limited to the side of the father. c.Kinship is limited to the side of the mother. d.The husband becomes part of the wife's clan after marriage. c - Answer: The nurse is caring for a Chinese patient who is reluctant to answer questions about her health background. The nurse asks the patient if she would like her husband present when health questions are asked. The nurse does this knowing that the Chinese culture is a collectivistic and patrilineal culture. What does this mean? a.Kinship extends to both the father's side and the mother's side of the family. b.Kinship is limited to the side of the father. c.Kinship is limited to the side of the mother. d.The husband becomes part of the wife's clan after marriage. d - Answer: Which statement is true relative to caring for a Hindu patient who is dying? a.The family will turn his head eastward or to the right. b.A close kin will stay with the patient to hear his last wishes. c.Anointing of the sick is a common right of the dying. d.The family will place a drop of water on the patient's lips. b - Answer: In comparing American culture with Asian cultures, which of the following statements is true? a.American culture supports collectivism. b.Asian communication can be ambiguous. c.American communication patterns downplay autonomy. d.Asian communication is direct to avoid conflict. b - Answer: When caring for a patient of a different culture, it is important for the nurse to understand that a.The nurse should protect the patient from family intrusion in her health care decisions. b.Working within the established family hierarchy produces better outcomes. c.Women as primary caregivers make independent health decisions. d.Gender is not a factor when it comes to role expectations. b - Answer: The nurse is caring for a member of the Jewish faith who needs to undergo a critical procedure on Saturday. The patient is refusing the procedure because it is scheduled to be done on the Sabbath. The nurse impresses on the patient the urgency of the procedure, stating that delaying the procedure would put his life at risk. The patient continues to refuse. What should the nurse do? a.Cancel the procedure. b.Seek permission from the patient to contact the patient's rabbi. c.Have a family member sign the permit. d.Have the procedure done against patient wishes. d - Answer: The nurse is providing diabetic diet teaching to a Hispanic man and his wife. When the nurse is discussing foods that are acceptable, the wife continues to interrupt with statements like, "Oh, he doesn't eat that," or, "All he eats is rice and beans." What should the nurse do? a.Ask the wife to leave so he/she can focus on teaching the patient. b.Explain how "rice and beans" are not acceptable foods on a diabetic diet. c.Provide a diet plan with only food alternatives selected by the patient. d.Refer the patient and his wife to a dietitian familiar with Spanish food choices. a - Answer: Providing culturally congruent care means providing care that a.Fits the patient's valued life patterns and set of meanings. b.Is based on meanings generated by predetermined criteria. c.Is the same as the values of the professional health care system. d.Holds one's own way of life as superior to those of others. d - Answer: Leininger (1991) identified three nursing decision and action modes to achieve culturally congruent care. These modes are "cultural care preservation or maintenance," "cultural care accommodation," and "cultural care repatterning." When assessing patients during the admission process, the nurse utilizes a.These action modes in a distinct order. b.These action modes individually, one at a time. c.Only one action mode per patient. d.All these action modes simultaneously. b d e - Answer: Compare the following statements. Which are considered predominant in non-Western cultures? (Select all that apply.) a.Causes of illness are biomedical in nature. b.Illness is an imbalance between humans and nature. c.Caring patterns are based in self-care and self-determination. d.Diagnoses are described as holistic. e.Treatment of disease can be magico-religious based. a b e - Answer: Foster (1976) identified two distinct categories of healers cross-culturally. Of the following characteristics, which are congruent with the healing practices of naturalistic practitioners? (Select all that apply.) a.Illness is impersonal and is due to biological forces. b.Illness is caused by alterations in the body equilibrium. c.Sorcerers can cause health and illness. d.Human relationships should be emphasized. e.Healing modalities include herbs, massage, and surgery. a - Answer: Four patients in labor all request epidural analgesia to manage their pain at the same time. Which ethical principle is compromised when only one nurse anesthetist is on call? a.Justice b.Nonmaleficence c.Beneficence d.Fidelity b - Answer: The patient tells the nurse that she is afraid to speak up regarding her desire to end care for fear of upsetting her husband and children. Which principle in the nursing code of ethics ensures that the nurse will promote the patient's cause? a.Responsibility b.Advocacy c.Confidentiality d.Accountability c - Answer: The patient's son requests to view the documentation in his mother's medical record. What is the nurse's best response to this request? a."I'll be happy to get that for you." b."You will have to talk to the physician about that." c."You will need your mother's permission." d."You are not allowed to see it." d - Answer: When people work together to solve ethical dilemmas, individuals must examine their own values. This step is crucial to ensure that a.The group identifies the one correct solution. b.Fact is separated from opinion. c.Judgmental attitudes are not provoked. d.Different perspectives are respected. a - Answer: Ethical dilemmas are common occurrences when caring for patients. The nurse understands that dilemmas are a result of a.Presence of conflicting values. b.Hierarchical systems. c.Judgmental perceptions of patients. d.Poor communication with the patient. a - Answer: The nurse questions a physician's order to administer a placebo to the patient. The nurse's action is based on which ethical principle? a.Autonomy b.Beneficence c.Justice d.Fidelity c - Answer: The nurse finds it difficult to care for a patient whose advance directive states that no extraordinary resuscitation measures should be taken. Which step may help the nurse to find resolution in this assignment? a.Call for an ethical committee consult. b.Decline the assignment on religious grounds. c.Scrutinize her own personal values. d.Convince the family to challenge the directive. d - Answer: The nurse values autonomy above all other principles. Which patient assignment will the nurse find most difficult to accept? a.Teenager in labor who requests epidural anesthesia b.Middle-aged father of three with an advance directive declining life support c.Elderly patient who requires dialysis d.Family elder who is making the decisions for a 30-year-old female member a - Answer: Which philosophy of health care ethics would be particularly useful when making ethical decisions about vulnerable populations? a.Feminist ethics b.Deontology c.Bioethics d.Utilitarianism d - Answer: A nurse argues that we need to reform our health care system because we have a large number of people who are uninsured and end up needing expensive emergent care when low-cost measures could have prevented their illnesses. What ethical framework is she using to make this case? a.Deontology b.Ethics of care c.Feminist ethics d.Utilitarianism b - Answer: The nurse has become aware of missing narcotics in the patient care area. Which ethical principle obligates the nurse to report the missing medications? a.Advocacy b.Responsibility c.Confidentiality d.Accountability c - Answer: A young woman who is pregnant with a fetus exposed to multiple teratogens consents to have her fetus undergo serial PUBS (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling) to examine how exposure affects the fetus over time. Although these tests will not improve the fetus' outcomes and will expose it to some risks, the information gathered may help infants in the future. Which ethical principle is at greatest risk? a.Autonomy b.Fidelity c.Nonmaleficence d.Beneficence b - Answer: Which issue has increased the attention paid to quality of life concerns in recent history? a.Health care disparities b.National movement regarding disabled persons c.Aging of the population d.Health care financial reform d - Answer: Which patient is most likely to have difficulty with the ethical concept of autonomy? a.18-year-old patient in labor b.35-year-old patient with appendicitis c.53-year-old patient with pancreatitis d.78-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis a - Answer: The nurse is caring for a severely ill patient with AIDS who now requires ventilator support. Which intervention is considered futile? a.Administering the influenza vaccine b.Providing oral care every 5 hours c.Applying fentanyl patches prn for pain d.Supporting the patient's lower extremities with pillows b - Answer: During a severe respiratory epidemic, the local health care organizations decide to give health care providers priority access to ventilators over other members of the community who also need that resource. Which philosophy would give the strongest support for this decision? a.Feminist ethics b.Utilitarianism c.Dentology d.Ethics of care c - Answer: Determinations regarding quality of life are a.Based on a person's ability to act according to ethical principles. b.Based on a patient's self-determination. c.Value judgments that can vary from person to person. d.Consistent and stable over the course of one's lifetime. b e f a c d - Answer: The nurse is caring for a patient supported with a ventilator who has been unresponsive since arrival via ambulance 8 days ago. The patient has not been identified, and no family members have been found. The nurse is concerned about the plan of care regarding maintenance or withdrawal of life support measures. The nurse determines that this is an ethical dilemma not resolved by scientific data. Place the steps the nurse will use to resolve this ethical dilemma in the correct order. a. The nurse identifies possible solutions or actions to resolve the dilemma. b. The nurse reviews the medical record, including entries by all health care disciplines, to gather information relevant to this patient's situation. c. Health care providers use negotiation to redefine the patient's plan of care. d. The nurse evaluates the plan and revises it with input from other health care providers as necessary. e. The nurse arranges a meeting with health care team members to clarify opinions, values, and facts. f. The nurse states the problem. b - Answer: A newly hired experienced nurse is preparing to change a patient's abdominal dressing and hasn't done it before at this hospital. Which action by the nurse is best? a.Ask another nurse to do it so the correct method can be viewed. b.Check the policy and procedure manual for the agency's method. c.Change the dressing using the method taught in nursing school. d.Ask the patient how the dressing change has been recently done. c - Answer: A new nurse notes that the health care unit keeps a listing of patient names in a closed book behind the front desk of the nursing station so patients can be located easily. What action is most appropriate for the nurse to take? a.Move the book to the upper ledge of the nursing station for easier access. b.Talk with the nurse manager about the listing being a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). c.Use the book as needed while keeping it away from individuals not involved in patient care. d.Ask the nurse manager to move the book to a more secluded area. b - Answer: A 17-year-old patient, dying of heart failure, wants to have his organs removed for transplantation after his death. What action by the nurse is correct? a.Prepare the organ donation form for the patient to sign while he is still oriented. b.Instruct the patient to talk with his parents about his desire to donate his organs. c.Notify the physician about the patient's desire to donate his organs. d.Contact the United Network for Organ Sharing after talking with the patient. c - Answer: An obstetrical nurse comes across an automobile accident. The patient seems to have a crushed upper airway, and while waiting for emergency medical services to arrive, the nurse makes a cut in the trachea and inserts a straw from her purse to provide an airway. The patient survives and has a permanent problem with his vocal cords, making it difficult to talk. Which statement is true regarding the nurse's performance? a.The nurse acted appropriately and saved the patient's life. b.The nurse acted within the guidelines of the Good Samaritan Law. c.The nurse took actions beyond those that are standard and appropriate. d.The nurse should have just stayed with the patient and waited for help. a - Answer: A nurse performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a 92-year-old with brittle bones and breaks a rib during the procedure, which then punctures a lung. The patient recovers completely without any residual problems and sues the nurse for pain and suffering, and for malpractice. What key point will the prosecution attempt to prove? a.The CPR procedure was done incorrectly. b.The patient would have died if nothing was done. c.The patient was resuscitated according to policy. d.Patients with brittle bones might sustain fractures when chest compressions are done. c - Answer: A recent immigrant who does not speak English is alert and requires hospitalization. What is the initial action that the nurse must take to enable informed consent to be obtained? a.Ask a family member to translate what the nurse is saying. b.Notify the health care provider that the patient doesn't speak English. c.Request an official interpreter to explain the terms of consent. d.Use hand gestures and medical equipment while explaining in English. b - Answer: A pediatric oncology nurse floats to an orthopedic trauma unit. What actions should the nurse manager of the orthopedic unit take to enable safe care to be given by this nurse? a.Provide a complete orientation to the functioning of the entire unit. b.Determine patient acuity and care the nurse can safely provide. c.Allow the nurse to choose which meal time she would like. d.Assign nursing assistive personnel to assist her with care. d - Answer: While recovering from a severe illness, a hospitalized patient states that he wants to change his living will, which he signed nine months ago. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a."Check with your admitting health care provider whether a copy is on your chart." b."Have you talked with your attorney recently about a living will?" c."Your living will can be changed only once each calendar year." d."Let me check with someone here in the hospital who can assist you." b - Answer: A nurse notices that his neighbor's preschool children are often playing on the sidewalk and in the street unsupervised and repeatedly takes them back to their home and talks with the parent available, but the situation continues. What immediate action by the nurse is mandated by law? a.Talk with both parents about safety needs of their children. b.Contact the appropriate community child protection agency. c.Tell the parents that the authorities will be contacted shortly. d.Take pictures of the children to support the overt child abuse. b - Answer: A confused patient with a urinary catheter, nasogastric tube, and intravenous line keeps touching these needed items for care. The nurse has tried to explain to the patient that he should not touch these lines, but the patient continues. What is the best action by the nurse at this time? a.Apply restraints loosely on the patient's dominant wrist. b.Try other approaches to prevent the patient from touching these care items. c.Notify the health care provider that restraints are needed immediately to maintain the patient's safety. d.Allow the patient to pull out lines to prove that the patient needs to be restrained. b - Answer: A patient with sepsis as a result of long-term leukemia dies 25 hours after admission to the hospital. A full code was conducted without success. The patient had a urinary catheter, an intravenous line, an oxygen cannula, and a nasogastric tube. What question is priority for the nurse to ask the family before beginning postmortem care? a."Do you want to assist in bathing your loved one?" b."Is an autopsy going to be done?" c."To which funeral home do you want your loved one transported?" d."Do you want me to remove the lines and tubes before you see your loved one?" b - Answer: Conjoined twins are in the neonatal department of the community hospital until transfer to the closest medical center. A photographer from the local newspaper gets off the elevator on the neonatal floor and wants to take pictures of the infants. What initial action should the nurse take? a.Escort the cameraman to the neonatal unit while a few pictures are taken quietly. b.Tell the cameraman where the hospital's public relations department is located. c.Ask the cameraman to wait while permission is obtained from the physician. d.Ask the cameraman how the pictures are to be used in the local newspaper. a - Answer: A nursing student has been written up several times for being late with providing patient care and for omitting aspects of patient care and not knowing basic procedures that were taught in the skills course one term earlier. The nursing student says, "I don't understand what the big deal is. As my instructor, you are there to protect me and make sure I don't make mistakes." What is the best response from the nursing instructor? a."You are expected to perform at the level of a professional nurse." b."You are expected to perform at the level of a nursing student." c."You are practicing under the license of the nurse assigned to the patient." d."You are expected to perform at the level of a skilled nursing assistant." b - Answer: A nurse works full-time on the oncology unit at the hospital and works part-time on weekends giving immunizations at the local pharmacy. While giving an injection on a weekend, the nurse caused injury to the patient's arm and is now being sued. How will the hospital's malpractice insurance provide coverage for this nurse? a.It will provide coverage as long as the nurse followed all procedures, protocols, and policies correctly. b.The hospital's malpractice insurance covers this nurse only during the time the nurse is working at the hospital. c.As long as the nurse has never been sued before this incident, the hospital's malpractice insurance will cover the nurse. d.The hospital's malpractice insurance will provide approximately 50% of the coverage the nurse will need. d - Answer: A nursing student in the final term of nursing school is overheard by a nursing faculty member telling another student that she got to insert a nasogastric tube in the emergency department while she was working as a nursing assistant. What advice is best for the nursing faculty member to give to the nursing student? a."Just be careful when you are doing new procedures and make sure you are following directions by the nurse." b."Review your procedures before you go to work, so you will be prepared to do them if you have a chance." c."The nurse should not have allowed you to insert the nasogastric tube because something bad could have happened." d."You are not allowed to perform any procedures other than those in your job description even with the nurse's permission." a b - Answer: The nurse calculates the medication dose for an infant on the pediatric unit and determines that the dose is twice what it should be. The pediatrician is contacted and says to administer the medication as ordered. What is the next action that the nurse should take? (Select all that apply.) a.Notify the nursing supervisor. b.Check the chain of command policy for such situations. c.Give the medication as ordered. d.Give the amount calculated to be correct. e.Contact the pharmacy for clarification. a e f - Answer: A nurse gives an incorrect medication to a patient without doing all of the mandatory checks, but the patient has no ill effects from the medication. What actions should the nurse take after reassessing the patient? (Select all that apply.) a.Notify the health care provider of the situation. b.Document in the patient's medical record that an occurrence report was filed. c.Document in the patient's medical record why the omission occurred. d.Discuss what happened with all of the other nurses and staff on the unit. e.Continue to monitor the patient for any untoward effects from the medication. f.Send an occurrence report to risk management after completing it. a c - Answer: he nurse hears a physician say to the charge nurse that he doesn't want that same nurse caring for his patients because she is stupid and won't follow his orders. The physician also writes on his patient's medical records that the same nurse, by name, is not to care for any of his patients because of her incompetence. What component(s) of defamation has the physician committed? (Select all that apply.) a.Slander b.Invasion of privacy c.Libel d.Assault e.Battery a b d e - Answer: A patient has just been told that he has approximately six months to live and asks about advance directives. Which statements by the nurse give the patient correct information? (Select all that apply.) a."You have the right to refuse treatment at any time." b."If you want certain procedures or actions taken or not taken, and you might not be able to tell anyone at the time, you need to complete documents ahead of time that give your health care provider this information." c."You will be resuscitated at any time to allow you the longest length of survival." d."You might want to think about choosing someone who will make medical decisions for you in the event that you are unable to make your desires known." e."We will get someone who knows the state's guidelines to assist you in setting up your living will." f."If you travel to another state, your living will should cover your wishes." b c - Answer: A patient's condition is slowly deteriorating. What actions should the nurse take to provide the best care possible? (Select all that apply.) a.Allow the nursing student to receive verbal orders from the physician in the room while the nurse is in the medication area down the hall. b.Document the patient's status changes in the medical record in a timely manner. c.Document that the health care provider has been notified of the specific patient status, including date and time that messages were left. d.Check the chart for frequent orders. e.Omit charting what the health provider's response is to notification of the patient's status change. a - Answer: To provide patient care of the highest quality, nurses utilize an evidence-based practice approach because evidence-based practice is a.A guide for nurses in making clinical decisions. b.Based on the latest textbook information. c.Easily attained at the bedside. d.Always right for all situations. c - Answer: In caring for patients, it is important for the nurse to realize that evidence-based practice is a.The only valid source of knowledge that should be used. b.Secondary to traditional or standard care knowledge. c.Dependent on patient values and expectations. d.Not shown to provide better patient outcomes. c - Answer: The first step in evidence-based practice is to ask a clinical question. In doing so, the nurse needs to realize that in researching interventions, the question a.Is more important than its format. b.Will lead you to hundreds of articles that must be read. c.May be easier if in PICO format. d.May be more useful the more general it is. a - Answer: In collecting the best evidence, the gold standard for research is a.The randomized controlled trial (RCT). b.The peer-reviewed article. c.Qualitative research. d.The opinion of expert committees. b - Answer: The nurse is writing a research article on a patient care topic. The nurse realizes that the section that will get the reader to read the article because of the value of the topic for the reader is the a.Abstract. b.Introduction. c.Literature review or background. d.Results. d - Answer: The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic low back pain. In providing care for this patient, the nurse wonders whether the guidelines utilized for this type of pain are adequate. The nurse wants to determine the best evidence-based practice regarding these guidelines. What is the best database for the nurse to access? a.MEDLINE b.EMBASE c.PsycINFO d.AHRQ b - Answer: The nurse is developing a PICO question related to whether her patient's blood pressure is more accurate while measuring with the patient's legs crossed versus with the patient's feet flat on the floor. With P being the population of interest, I the intervention of interest, C the comparison of interest, and O the outcome, the nurse determines that this is a.A true PICO question, because the outcome always comes before the intervention. b.A true PICO question regardless of placement of elements. c.Not a true PICO question, because the comparison comes after the intervention. d.Not a true PICO question, because the outcome comes after the population. a - Answer: In reviewing literature for an evidence-based practice study, the nurse realizes that the most reliable level of evidence is the a.Systematic review and meta-analysis. b.Randomized control trial (RCT). c.Case control study. d.Control trial without randomization. d - Answer: Qualitative nursing research is valuable in that it a.Excludes all bias. b.Uses randomization in structure. c.Determines associations between variables and conditions. d.Studies phenomena that are difficult to quantify. d - Answer: The nurse has used her PICO question to develop an evidence-based change in protocol for a certain nursing procedure. However, to make these changes throughout the entire institution would require more support staff than is available at this time. What is the nurse's best option? a.Drop the idea of making the change at this time. b.Insist that management hire the needed staff to facilitate the change. c.Seek employment in another institution that may have the staff needed. d.Conduct a pilot study to develop evidence to support the change. b - Answer: The hospital policy states that when starting an intravenous (IV) catheter, the nurse must first prepare the potential IV site with alcohol and dress it using a gauze dressing. The nurse has done a literature review and believes that evidence-based practice dictates the use of a transparent dressing to prevent catheter dislodgment. What should the nurse do? a.Begin to use transparent dressing instead of gauze dressings. b.Bring findings to the policy and procedure committee. c.Use transparent dressings on half of her IV starts and gauze on the other. d.Continue following hospital policy without saying anything. c - Answer: The nurse is trying to identify common general themes relative to the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation for patients who have had heart attacks and have gone through cardiac rehabilitation programs. The nurse conducts interviews and focus groups. What type of research is the nurse conducting? a.Evaluation research b.Experimental research c.Qualitative research d.Nonexperimental research b - Answer: In conducting a research study, the researcher must guarantee that any information the subject provides will not be reported in any manner that identifies the subject and will not be accessible to people outside the research team. This concept is known as a.Anonymity. b.Confidentiality. c.Informed consent. d.The research process. d - Answer: The researcher is preparing to publish his study findings. In doing so, the researcher is aware of many ways that the study could have been done better, but that he did not have the ability to do. The researcher discloses these limitations in the manuscript, but they are most likely detected during which phase of the research process? a.Problem identification b.Study design c.Formulation of recommendations d.Analysis of data b - Answer: When evaluating quality improvement (QI) programs in relation to evidence-based practice (EBP), it is easy to note that a.Both are designed to improve performance. b.When implementing EBP projects, it is important to review QI data. c.EBP is not at all related to QI. d.Evaluation of processes is the realm of performance improvement (PI), not QI. a - Answer: The hospital's quality improvement committee has identified a problem on one of the units. In using the PDSA method to help determine ways to deal with the issue, the committee decides to do a literature review. This is an example of quality improvement a.Combined with evidence-based practice. b.With inability to make the right decision. c.With delay in the action needed. d.With no designated method for dealing with issues. d - Answer: The quality improvement committee has been alerted to an increased number of falls in the hospital. Most of these falls have occurred at night and have involved patients who were trying to crawl over bedrails. A literature review brought out that most falls occur because patients are trying to go to the bathroom. The committee created a practice change that bedrails should be left in the down position, and hourly nursing rounds should be conducted. What is the committee's next step? a.Evaluate the changes in 1 month. b.Wait a month before implementing the changes. c.Implement the changes as a pilot study. d.Communicate to staff the results of this inquiry. a - Answer: The hospital quality improvement committee has noted that the incidence of needlestick injuries on a particular unit has increased. When faced with issues, the committee applies the PDSA model, a formal model for exploring and resolving quality concerns. Because the committee is multidisciplinary in nature, and few members are nurses, it is imperative that the committee first a.Plan. b.Do. c.Study. d.Act. d - Answer: The quality improvement committee is examining an increase in medication errors on a particular unit. In conducting its analysis, what should be the committee's primary focus? a.Nurses who administer the medications b.Pharmacy that prepares the medications c.Secretaries who enter the orders d.None of the above a b c - Answer: he nurse is preparing to conduct research that will allow precise measurement of a phenomenon. Which of the following methods will provide the nurse with the right kind of data? (Select all that apply.) a.Experimental research b.Surveys c.Evaluation research d.Phenomenology e.Grounded theory a b c d - Answer: Before conducting any study with human subjects, the researcher must obtain approval from the agency's human subjects committee or institutional review board (IRB). The IRB ensures that the researcher (Select all that apply.) a.Obtains informed consent. b.Minimizes risk to subjects. c.Ensures confidentiality. d.Identifies risks and benefits of participation. e.Ensures that subjects complete the study. b c d - Answer: The nurse is doing a literature review related to a potential problem that has been identified on the nursing unit. The nurse realizes that nursing research is important in that it is designed to (Select all that apply.) a.Enhance the nurse's chance at promotion. b.Identify new knowledge. c.Improve professional practice. d.Enhance effective use of resources. e.Lead to decreases in budget expenditures.