Psych 2301 Final Exam Review Questions And
Answers With Latest Solutions
A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated as attractive. The
psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been adaptive in the past, and thus are considered
attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches? ANS the
evolutionary approach
Which approach would explain depression in terms of faulty or maladaptive thinking? ANS the
cognitive approach
Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study? ANS the impact of
media messages on women's body image
Paxton has difficulty meeting women. Whenever his friends point out a woman they think he should
approach, he finds himself thinking about how she will probably reject him. As a result, he rarely meets
new people, and he complains to his friends that women don't like "nice guys." A cognitive psychologist
would probably say that Paxton should ANS examine his thoughts and actions to see what keeps him
stuck in this pattern.
Amelia was raised in a low-income environment by a single mother. She went through tremendous
hardships in her life simply because of the neighborhood and circumstances in which she was raised. As
an adult, Amelia wants to implement and develop intervention programs so that children growing up in
similar environments today have less of a struggle. Amelia should look into ANS community
psychology
___ is the intricate process by which behavior changes in response to circumstances. ANS learning
Olivia and Alma are talking about dreaming one day after their psychology class. Most mornings Olivia
doesn't remember any of her dreams, but occasionally she has vivid recollections when she awakes. Alma
says she has the same experience and wonders why. When they talk to friends about the phenomenon,
they notice a pattern related to the stress of the previous day. They verbalize this pattern as, "If someone
feels stressed out over something one day, then they are more likely to remember their dreams the
following day." Olivia and Alma have just formed a ANS hypothesis
Hailie is writing a psychology research paper. She has collected research from the past three decades,
which her professor says is fine. What is confusing for Hailie is that her articles say different things. She
,finally asks you why all of the research has been published if some of it is obviously wrong. You tell her
that ANS part of the scientific process is testing and retesting a theory, to see if everyone gets the
same results each time; if they don't, the research may not agree.
A market-research firm calls you on the phone and asks you a series of questions about your attitudes
toward exercise. The market-research firm is conducting a(n) ANS survey
Sitting in the park one sunny day, Chaim notices that people who are walking dogs smile at him more
often than people without dogs. Chaim concludes that people who own dogs are happier than those who
do not own dogs. Based on the principles of psychological research, what is the biggest problem with
Chaim's conclusion? ANS Correlation does not prove causation; the association may be spurious.
Gary's son, Sam, is learning to drive. Each night, Gary takes Sam out in the family car for driving lessons.
Gary notices that Sam improves more in lessons in which Gary is extremely critical. In fact, the more
critical Gary is, the more Sam improves. After Sam gets his driver's license, Gary's wife, Chrissy, tells
him that every time Gary was critical of Sam, she took him out so he could improve before his father's
next lesson. What did Gary not consider in his original assessment? ANS third variable problem
Caitlin is interested in how teenage mothers cope with stress. She wants to start by finding one teenage
mother and interviewing her about her goals, fears, and hopes for the future. With that information, she
hopes to question a larger sample of teenage mothers on the age of their child and their overall stress
level. Once she has that information, she hopes to develop a therapeutic technique to help reduce that
stress. She would test that method by randomly assigning a set of mothers to undergo therapy and
compare their end stress level with a group of mothers who would not undergo treatment. Caitlin's plan
seems to involve conducting a _____, followed by a(n) _____, and ending with a(n) _____. ANS case
study; correlational study; experiment
A researcher asks the following research question for a study: "What is the relationship between amount
of time spent on social media in the last month and severity of online addiction?" The statistical analysis
shows a positive statistical relationship. Therefore, one can conclude that ANS the more time people
spend on social media, the more severe their online addiction.
A researcher has designed a study to test the effects of different types of individual psychotherapy on
people's levels of depression. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a cognitive-behavioral
treatment group, a psychodynamic treatment group, or a no-treatment control group. The researcher then
measures people's level of depression after the treatment. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
ANS Depression is the dependent variable; the treatment group is the independent variable.
, Before a study begins, the researcher tells participants that the study will explore whether exposure to
violent stimuli will result in less cooperation within a group. Which of the following should be a concern?
ANS participant bias, experimenter bias, & ethics
What may be considered a disadvantage of using deception in psychological research? ANS All of
these may be considered disadvantages to using deception in psychological research.
While reading a magazine, Jordan sees an advertisement claiming that a new weight-loss pill will help
anyone lose weight without exercising. The advertisement includes a picture of a woman when she had
obesity and another picture of her looking thin and fit. Though the pictures are very compelling, Jordan
knows that she needs to examine advertisements critically. Which of the following questions BEST
represents critical thinking? ANS Are there other possible explanations for the woman's weight loss,
other than the pill being advertised?
During the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, Anna purchased a paint-by-number painting kit. She had
always wanted to learn to paint, and she figured she would start small. What she didn't realize was how
much she enjoyed doing the paint-by-number, mixing colors and matching the colors to the numbers. She
would become completely engrossed with the project and lose track of time. She was completely
involved, feeling elated. This phenomenon is known as ANS flow
Why is psychology considered a science? ANS It involves the systematic observation of behaviors
and mental processes.
Many educational training programs and school districts use the popular idea that people have different
learning styles (visual, auditory, reading/writing, or kinesthetic) to tailor their teaching methods. For
example, a teacher might utilize hands-on experiences to teach a kinesthetic learner. However, many
studies have concluded that the match between instruction method and learning style has no impact on
student learning. What does the use of learning styles describe? ANS psuedoscience
Amelia was walking through an Asian food festival in New York City. The bright colors of the fruits and
the smells of dumplings, scallion pancakes, and chicken on skewers being cooked brought her back to her
time when she travelled through Asia. Which specialization in psychology would focus on the ways in
which such information is processed? ANS sensation and perception
Under which branch of psychology would the empirical study of resilience fall? ANS positive
psychology
Answers With Latest Solutions
A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated as attractive. The
psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been adaptive in the past, and thus are considered
attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches? ANS the
evolutionary approach
Which approach would explain depression in terms of faulty or maladaptive thinking? ANS the
cognitive approach
Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study? ANS the impact of
media messages on women's body image
Paxton has difficulty meeting women. Whenever his friends point out a woman they think he should
approach, he finds himself thinking about how she will probably reject him. As a result, he rarely meets
new people, and he complains to his friends that women don't like "nice guys." A cognitive psychologist
would probably say that Paxton should ANS examine his thoughts and actions to see what keeps him
stuck in this pattern.
Amelia was raised in a low-income environment by a single mother. She went through tremendous
hardships in her life simply because of the neighborhood and circumstances in which she was raised. As
an adult, Amelia wants to implement and develop intervention programs so that children growing up in
similar environments today have less of a struggle. Amelia should look into ANS community
psychology
___ is the intricate process by which behavior changes in response to circumstances. ANS learning
Olivia and Alma are talking about dreaming one day after their psychology class. Most mornings Olivia
doesn't remember any of her dreams, but occasionally she has vivid recollections when she awakes. Alma
says she has the same experience and wonders why. When they talk to friends about the phenomenon,
they notice a pattern related to the stress of the previous day. They verbalize this pattern as, "If someone
feels stressed out over something one day, then they are more likely to remember their dreams the
following day." Olivia and Alma have just formed a ANS hypothesis
Hailie is writing a psychology research paper. She has collected research from the past three decades,
which her professor says is fine. What is confusing for Hailie is that her articles say different things. She
,finally asks you why all of the research has been published if some of it is obviously wrong. You tell her
that ANS part of the scientific process is testing and retesting a theory, to see if everyone gets the
same results each time; if they don't, the research may not agree.
A market-research firm calls you on the phone and asks you a series of questions about your attitudes
toward exercise. The market-research firm is conducting a(n) ANS survey
Sitting in the park one sunny day, Chaim notices that people who are walking dogs smile at him more
often than people without dogs. Chaim concludes that people who own dogs are happier than those who
do not own dogs. Based on the principles of psychological research, what is the biggest problem with
Chaim's conclusion? ANS Correlation does not prove causation; the association may be spurious.
Gary's son, Sam, is learning to drive. Each night, Gary takes Sam out in the family car for driving lessons.
Gary notices that Sam improves more in lessons in which Gary is extremely critical. In fact, the more
critical Gary is, the more Sam improves. After Sam gets his driver's license, Gary's wife, Chrissy, tells
him that every time Gary was critical of Sam, she took him out so he could improve before his father's
next lesson. What did Gary not consider in his original assessment? ANS third variable problem
Caitlin is interested in how teenage mothers cope with stress. She wants to start by finding one teenage
mother and interviewing her about her goals, fears, and hopes for the future. With that information, she
hopes to question a larger sample of teenage mothers on the age of their child and their overall stress
level. Once she has that information, she hopes to develop a therapeutic technique to help reduce that
stress. She would test that method by randomly assigning a set of mothers to undergo therapy and
compare their end stress level with a group of mothers who would not undergo treatment. Caitlin's plan
seems to involve conducting a _____, followed by a(n) _____, and ending with a(n) _____. ANS case
study; correlational study; experiment
A researcher asks the following research question for a study: "What is the relationship between amount
of time spent on social media in the last month and severity of online addiction?" The statistical analysis
shows a positive statistical relationship. Therefore, one can conclude that ANS the more time people
spend on social media, the more severe their online addiction.
A researcher has designed a study to test the effects of different types of individual psychotherapy on
people's levels of depression. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a cognitive-behavioral
treatment group, a psychodynamic treatment group, or a no-treatment control group. The researcher then
measures people's level of depression after the treatment. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
ANS Depression is the dependent variable; the treatment group is the independent variable.
, Before a study begins, the researcher tells participants that the study will explore whether exposure to
violent stimuli will result in less cooperation within a group. Which of the following should be a concern?
ANS participant bias, experimenter bias, & ethics
What may be considered a disadvantage of using deception in psychological research? ANS All of
these may be considered disadvantages to using deception in psychological research.
While reading a magazine, Jordan sees an advertisement claiming that a new weight-loss pill will help
anyone lose weight without exercising. The advertisement includes a picture of a woman when she had
obesity and another picture of her looking thin and fit. Though the pictures are very compelling, Jordan
knows that she needs to examine advertisements critically. Which of the following questions BEST
represents critical thinking? ANS Are there other possible explanations for the woman's weight loss,
other than the pill being advertised?
During the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, Anna purchased a paint-by-number painting kit. She had
always wanted to learn to paint, and she figured she would start small. What she didn't realize was how
much she enjoyed doing the paint-by-number, mixing colors and matching the colors to the numbers. She
would become completely engrossed with the project and lose track of time. She was completely
involved, feeling elated. This phenomenon is known as ANS flow
Why is psychology considered a science? ANS It involves the systematic observation of behaviors
and mental processes.
Many educational training programs and school districts use the popular idea that people have different
learning styles (visual, auditory, reading/writing, or kinesthetic) to tailor their teaching methods. For
example, a teacher might utilize hands-on experiences to teach a kinesthetic learner. However, many
studies have concluded that the match between instruction method and learning style has no impact on
student learning. What does the use of learning styles describe? ANS psuedoscience
Amelia was walking through an Asian food festival in New York City. The bright colors of the fruits and
the smells of dumplings, scallion pancakes, and chicken on skewers being cooked brought her back to her
time when she travelled through Asia. Which specialization in psychology would focus on the ways in
which such information is processed? ANS sensation and perception
Under which branch of psychology would the empirical study of resilience fall? ANS positive
psychology
