GCSE AQA GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 -
Challenges in the human environment
/What is urbanisation? - Ans-This is an increase in the amount of people living in urban
areas such as towns or cities.
In 2007, the UN announced that for the first time, more than 50% of the world's
population live in urban areas.
/.Where is Urbanisation happening? - Ans-Urbanisation is happening all over the world,
but in LICs and NEEs rates of urbanisation are much faster than HICs. This is mostly
because of the rapid economic growth they are experiencing.
/.Push Factors of Immigration - Ans--Natural disasters
-War
-Conflict
-Mechanisation
-Drought
-Lack of employment
-Poor healthcare and education
-Low quality of life
/.Pull Factors of Immigration - Ans--More jobs
-Better education and healthcare
-Increased quality of life
-Following family members
-Secure government
/.Rural-urban migration - Ans-The movement of people from rural to urban areas.
/.Natural Increase - Ans-When the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
/.Increase in birth rate (BR) - Ans--High percentage of population are child-bearing age
which leads to a high fertility rate.
-Lack of contraception or education about family planning.
-More people living longer, so more people bear children.
/.Lower death rates (DR) - Ans--Higher life expectancy due to better living conditions
and diet.
-Improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate.
/.Megacity - Ans-An urban area with more than 10 million people living there.
, /.How does urbanisation vary around the world? - Ans--In the world's richer countries,
over 60% of the population live in cities.
-The proportion of people living in towns and cities varies in different parts of the world.
-In different regions around the world, urban population is growing at different rates.
/.Sustainable Urban Living - Ans-Sustainable urban living means being able to live in
cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that
ensure future generations also can use them.
/.Water Conservation - Ans-This is about reducing the amount of water used:
-Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets.
-Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water.
-Educating people on using less water.
/.Energy Conservation - Ans-Using less fossil fuels can reduce the rate of climate
change:
-Promoting renewable energy.
-Marketing homes more energy efficient.
-Encouraging people to use energy.
/.Creating Green Space - Ans-Creating green spaces in urban areas can improve
places for people who want to live there:
-Provide natural collar areas for people to relax in.
-Encourages people to exercise.
-Reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff.
/.Waste Recycling - Ans-More recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste
reduces the amount that eventually goes to the landfill:
-Collection of household waste.
-More local recycling facilities.
-Greater awareness of the benefits in recycling (education).
/.Traffic Management - Ans-Urban areas are busy places with many people travelling by
different modes of transport. This has caused urban areas to experience different traffic
congestion that can lead to various problem.
/.Environmental Problems of Traffic - Ans-Traffic increases air pollution which releases
greenhouse gases that is leading to climate change.
/.Economic Problems of Traffic - Ans-Congestion can make people late for work and
business deliveries take longer. This can cause companies to loose money.
/.Social Problems of Traffic - Ans-There is a greater risk of accidents and congestion is
a cause of frustration. Traffic can lead to health issues for pedestrians. Also, people
may not be able to get home to their families on time due to traffic.
Challenges in the human environment
/What is urbanisation? - Ans-This is an increase in the amount of people living in urban
areas such as towns or cities.
In 2007, the UN announced that for the first time, more than 50% of the world's
population live in urban areas.
/.Where is Urbanisation happening? - Ans-Urbanisation is happening all over the world,
but in LICs and NEEs rates of urbanisation are much faster than HICs. This is mostly
because of the rapid economic growth they are experiencing.
/.Push Factors of Immigration - Ans--Natural disasters
-War
-Conflict
-Mechanisation
-Drought
-Lack of employment
-Poor healthcare and education
-Low quality of life
/.Pull Factors of Immigration - Ans--More jobs
-Better education and healthcare
-Increased quality of life
-Following family members
-Secure government
/.Rural-urban migration - Ans-The movement of people from rural to urban areas.
/.Natural Increase - Ans-When the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
/.Increase in birth rate (BR) - Ans--High percentage of population are child-bearing age
which leads to a high fertility rate.
-Lack of contraception or education about family planning.
-More people living longer, so more people bear children.
/.Lower death rates (DR) - Ans--Higher life expectancy due to better living conditions
and diet.
-Improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate.
/.Megacity - Ans-An urban area with more than 10 million people living there.
, /.How does urbanisation vary around the world? - Ans--In the world's richer countries,
over 60% of the population live in cities.
-The proportion of people living in towns and cities varies in different parts of the world.
-In different regions around the world, urban population is growing at different rates.
/.Sustainable Urban Living - Ans-Sustainable urban living means being able to live in
cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that
ensure future generations also can use them.
/.Water Conservation - Ans-This is about reducing the amount of water used:
-Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets.
-Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water.
-Educating people on using less water.
/.Energy Conservation - Ans-Using less fossil fuels can reduce the rate of climate
change:
-Promoting renewable energy.
-Marketing homes more energy efficient.
-Encouraging people to use energy.
/.Creating Green Space - Ans-Creating green spaces in urban areas can improve
places for people who want to live there:
-Provide natural collar areas for people to relax in.
-Encourages people to exercise.
-Reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff.
/.Waste Recycling - Ans-More recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste
reduces the amount that eventually goes to the landfill:
-Collection of household waste.
-More local recycling facilities.
-Greater awareness of the benefits in recycling (education).
/.Traffic Management - Ans-Urban areas are busy places with many people travelling by
different modes of transport. This has caused urban areas to experience different traffic
congestion that can lead to various problem.
/.Environmental Problems of Traffic - Ans-Traffic increases air pollution which releases
greenhouse gases that is leading to climate change.
/.Economic Problems of Traffic - Ans-Congestion can make people late for work and
business deliveries take longer. This can cause companies to loose money.
/.Social Problems of Traffic - Ans-There is a greater risk of accidents and congestion is
a cause of frustration. Traffic can lead to health issues for pedestrians. Also, people
may not be able to get home to their families on time due to traffic.
