PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 12

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1
(REVISED) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
WhichAdrugsAwillAgoAthroughAaApharmaceuticAphaseAafterAitAisAadministered?



a.AIntramuscularAcephalosporins

b.AIntravenousAvasopressors

c.AOralAanalgesics

d.ASubcutaneousAantiglycemicsA-AcorrectAanswersANS:AC

WhenAdrugsAareAadministeredAparenterally,AthereAisAnoApharmaceuticAphase,AwhichAoccursAw
henAaAdrugAbecomesAaAsolutionAthatAcanAcrossAtheAbiologicAmembrane.

TheAnurseAisApreparingAtoAadministerAanAoralAmedicationAandAwantsAtoAensureAaArapidAdrugAac
tion.AWhichAformAofAtheAmedicationAwillAtheAnurseAadminister?



a.ACapsule

b.AEnteric-coatedApill

c.ALiquidAsuspension

d.ATabletA-AcorrectAanswersANS:AC

LiquidAdrugsAareAalreadyAinAsolution,AwhichAisAtheAformAnecessaryAforAabsorptionAinAtheAGIAtra
ct.ATheAotherAformsAmustAdisintegrateAintoAsmallAparticlesAandAthenAdissolveAbeforeAbeingAabs
orbed.

TheAnurseAisAteachingAaApatientAwhoAwillAbeAdischargedAhomeAwithAaAprescriptionAforAanAenter
ic-
coatedAtablet.AWhichAstatementAbyAtheApatientAindicatesAanAunderstandingAofAtheAteaching?



a.A"IAmayAcrushAtheAtabletAandAputAitAinAapplesauceAtoAimproveAabsorption."

b.A"IAshouldAconsumeAacidicAfoodsAtoAenhanceAabsorptionAofAthisAmedication."

c.A"IAshouldAexpectAaAdelayAinAonsetAofAtheAdrug'sAeffectsAafterAtakingAtheAtablet."

d.A"IAshouldAtakeAthisAmedicationAwithAhigh-fatAfoodsAtoAimproveAitsAaction."A-
AcorrectAanswersANS:AC

,Enteric-
coatedAtabletsAresistAdisintegrationAinAtheAacidicAenvironmentAofAtheAstomachAandAdisintegrat
eAwhenAtheyAreachAtheAsmallAintestine.AThereAisAusuallyAsomeAdelayAinAonsetAofAactionsAafterAt
akingAtheseAmedications.AEnteric-
coatedAtabletsAshouldAnotAbeAcrushedAorAchewed,AwhichAwouldAalterAtheAtimeAandAlocationAof
Aabsorption.AAcidicAfoodsAwillAnotAenhanceAtheAabsorptionAofAtheAmedication.ATheApatientAsho


uldAnotAeatAhigh-fatAfoodAbeforeAingestingAanAenteric-coatedAtablet,AbecauseAhigh-
fatAfoodsAdecreaseAtheAabsorptionArate.

AApatientAwhoAisAnewlyAdiagnosedAwithAtypeA1AdiabetesAmellitusAasksAwhyAinsulinAmustAbeAgiv
enAbyAsubcutaneousAinjectionAinsteadAofAbyAmouth.ATheAnurseAwillAexplainAthatAthisAisAbecaus
e



a.AabsorptionAisAdiminishedAbyAtheAfirst-passAeffectsAinAtheAliver.

b.AabsorptionAisAfasterAwhenAinsulinAisAgivenAsubcutaneously.

c.AdigestiveAenzymesAinAtheAgastrointestinalAtractApreventAabsorption.

d.AtheAoralAformAisAlessApredictableAwithAmoreAadverseAeffects.A-AcorrectAanswersANS:AC

Insulin,AgrowthAhormones,AandAotherAprotein-
basedAdrugsAareAdestroyedAinAtheAsmallAintestineAbyAdigestiveAenzymesAandAmustAbeAgivenApa
renterally.ABecauseAinsulinAisAdestroyedAbyAdigestiveAenzymes,AitAwouldAnotAmakeAitAtoAtheAlive
rAforAmetabolismAwithAaAfirst-
passAeffect.ASubcutaneousAtissueAhasAfewerAbloodAvessels,AsoAabsorptionAisAslowerAinAsuchAtiss
ue.AInsulinAisAgivenAsubcutaneouslyAbecauseAitAisAdesirableAtoAhaveAitAabsorbAslowly.

TheAnurseAisApreparingAtoAadministerAanAoralAmedicationAthatAisAwater-
soluble.ATheAnurseAunderstandsAthatAthisAdrug



a.AmustAbeAtakenAonAanAemptyAstomach.

b.ArequiresAactiveAtransportAforAabsorption.

c.AshouldAbeAtakenAwithAfattyAfoods.

d.AwillAreadilyAdiffuseAintoAtheAgastrointestinalAtract.A-AcorrectAanswersANS:AB

Water-solubleAdrugsArequireAaAcarrierAenzymeAorAproteinAtoApassAthroughAtheAGIAmembrane.

AAnurseAisApreparingAtoAadministerAanAoralAdrugAthatAisAbestAabsorbedAinAanAacidicAenvironme
nt.AHowAwillAtheAnurseAgiveAtheAdrug?

,a.AOnAanAemptyAstomach

b.AWithAaAfullAglassAofAwater

c.AWithAfood

d.AWithAhigh-fatAfoodA-AcorrectAanswersANS:AC

FoodAcanAstimulateAtheAproductionAofAgastricAacidAsoAmedicationsArequiringAanAacidicAenviron
mentAshouldAbeAgivenAwithAaAmeal.AHigh-fatAfoodsAareAusefulAforAdrugsAthatAareAlipidAsoluble.

TheAnurseAisApreparingAanAinjectableAdrugAandAwantsAtoAadministerAitAforArapidAabsorption.AHo
wAwillAtheAnurseAgiveAthisAmedication?



a.AIMAintoAtheAdeltoidAmuscle

b.AIMAintoAtheAglutealAmuscle

c.ASubQAintoAabdominalAtissue

d.ASubQAintoAtheAupperAarmA-AcorrectAanswersANS:AA

DrugsAgivenAIMAareAabsorbedAfasterAinAmusclesAthatAhaveAmoreAbloodAvessels,AsuchAasAtheAdel
toid,AratherAthanAthoseAwithAfewerAbloodAvessels,AsuchAasAtheAgluteals.ASubcutaneousAroutesA
areAusedAwhenAabsorptionAneedsAtoAbeAslowerAandAmoreAsustained.

TheAnurseAisAreviewingAmedicationAinformationAwithAaAnursingAstudentApriorAtoAadministeringA
anAoralAdrugAandAnotesAthatAtheAdrugAhasAextensiveAfirst-
passAeffects.AWhichAstatementAbyAtheAstudentAindicatesAaAneedAforAfurtherAteachingAaboutAthi
sAmedication?



a.A"TheAfirst-
passAeffectAmeansAtheAdrugAmayAbeAabsorbedAintoAtheAsystemicAcirculationAfromAtheAintestina
lAlumen."

b.A"TheAfirst-passAeffectAmeansAtheAdrugAmayAbeAchangedAtoAanAinactiveAformAandAexcreted."

c.A"TheAfirst-
passAeffectAmeansAtheAdrugAmayAbeAchangedAtoAaAmetabolite,AwhichAmayAbeAmoreAactiveAtha
nAtheAoriginal."

d.A"TheAfirst-passAeffectAmeansAtheAdrugAmayAbeAunchangedAasAitApassesAthroughAtheAliver."A-
AcorrectAanswersANS:AA



DrugsAthatAundergoAfirst-
passAmetabolismAareAabsorbedAintoAtheAportalAveinAfromAtheAintestinalAlumenAandAgoAthrough

, theAliverAwhereAtheyAareAeitherAunchangedAorAareAmetabolizedAtoAanAinactiveAorAaAmoreAactiv
A


eAform.

TheAnurseApreparesAtoAchangeAaApatient'sAmedicationAfromAanAintravenousAtoAanAoralAformAan
dAnotesAthatAtheAoralAformAisAorderedAinAaAhigherAdose.ATheAnurseAunderstandsAthatAthisAisAdu
eAtoAdifferencesAin



a.Abioavailability.

b.Apinocytosis.

c.AproteinAbinding.

d.Atachyphylaxis.A-AcorrectAanswersANS:AA

OralAdrugsAmayAhaveAlessAbioavailabilityAbecauseAaAlowerApercentageAofAtheAdrugAreachesAtheA
systemicAcirculation.APinocytosisArefersAtoAtheAprocessAbyAwhichAcellsAcarryAaAsoluteAacrossAaA
membrane.AProteinAbindingAcanAoccurAwithAbothAroutes.ATachyphylaxisAdescribesAaArapidAdecr
easeAinAresponseAtoAdrugsAthatAoccursAwhenAtoleranceAdevelopsAquickly.

TheAnurseAisApreparingAtoAadministerAaAdrugAandAlearnsAthatAitAbindsAtoAproteinAatAaArateAofA90
%.ATheApatient'sAserumAalbuminAlevelAisAlow.ATheAnurseAwillAobserveAtheApatientAfor



a.AdecreasedAdrugAabsorption.

b.AdecreasedAdrugAinteractions.

c.AdecreasedAdrugAtoxicity.

d.AincreasedAdrugAeffects.A-AcorrectAanswersANS:AD

DrugsAthatAareAhighlyAprotein-
boundAbindAwithAalbuminAandAotherAproteins,AleavingAlessAfreeAdrugAinAcirculation.AIfAaApatient
AhasAlowAalbumin,AtheAdrugAisAnotAbound,AandAthereAisAmoreAfreeAdrugAtoAcauseAdrugAeffects.AT


hereAwouldAbeAincreasedAabsorption,AincreasedAinteractionsAwithAotherAdrugs,AandAincreasedA
toxicity.

TheAnurseAisAadministeringAtwoAdrugsAtoAaApatientAandAlearnsAthatAbothAdrugsAareAhighlyAprot
ein-bound.ATheAnurseAmayAexpect



a.AdecreasedAbioavailabilityAofAbothAdrugs.

b.AdecreasedAdrugAeffects.

c.AdecreasedAdrugAinteractions.