NSCA CPSS Training Load Model Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.

NSCA CPSS Training Load Model Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ Primary reason for monitoring athletes - Answer: info obtained can guide decisions about future training Supercompensation - Answer: performance enhancement if body is allowed to adapt Selye's general adaptation syndrome - Answer: training stress, acute fatigue response, adaptation, new level of homeostasis/performance Fitness-fatigue model - Answer: model in which performance is function of positive and negative fitness effects both fitness and fatigue decay exponentially over time but a different rates (fatigue decays 2x the rate of fitness) dose-response effect - Answer: higher volume and intensity of training/comp = larger acute fatigue response training system - Answer: all factors important to performance includes those that 1. directly influence system (training/testing, load/fatigue monitoring) 2. support the system (training facilities/equipment) key factors for successful training system - Answer: System aims Short and long-term planning Search for continuous improvement Assessment of progress Adherence to fundamental aspects of training Program adjustments Continual manipulation of program variables on micro and macro level External load - Answer: What athlete has done (distance and speed of running, kilograms lifted) Internal load - Answer: How athlete responds to given external load, both physiological and perceptual (HR, blood lactate, RPE) What drives the training outcome - Answer: the internal response to a given external load What is performance a function of - Answer: difference between fitness and fatigue Readiness - Answer: condition where athlete has no impairment of performance, no mental fatigue or excessive psychological distress What constitutes fatigue - Answer: failure to produce/maintain required force/power Sites that contribute to fatigue - Answer: Activation of motor command (in brain) Propagation of AP through descending motor pathway Myofilament excitation-contraction coupling Status of intracellular milieu Psychobiological model for fatigue - Answer: Effort required exceeds max effort athlete is willing to exert Invisible monitoring - Answer: Assessing fatigue through protocols that occur within normal training and competition process Mental fatigue - Answer: Psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity shown to negatively influence physical performance Fundamental requirement of good monitoring system - Answer: Noninvasive as possible Physiological external load measures - Answer: Kinetic energy (distance and speed thresholds) Metabolic power (+Accelerations) Physiological internal load measures - Answer: VO2 CV demand (HR, blood lactate) Perceived effort (RPE) Biomechanical external load measures - Answer: Whole body loads (GRFs) Accel/decel (magnitude and frequency) Rate of accel (PlayerLoad) Biomechanical internal load measures - Answer: Joint load (joint contact forces) Muscle load (muscle-tendon forces) Perceived tissue damage (soreness) Perceived effort (RPE) Physiological failure examples - Answer: Immunodeficiency Energy depletion Physiological overload examples - Answer: Cardiac hypertrophy Physiological homeostasis examples - Answer: Cardiac adaptation Metabolic adaptation Physiological underload examples - Answer: Adipose tissue deposit Muscle atrophy Biomechanical failure examples - Answer: Muscle or tendon tear Bone fracture Biomechanical overload examples - Answer: Meniscal damage Muscle strain Biomechanical homeostasis examples - Answer: increased tendon stiffness Cartilage regeneration Biomechanical underload examples - Answer: Decreased tendon stiffness Cartilage degeneration Ecological validity - Answer: Impact of variable on training process Coefficient of variation (CV%) - Answer: Variability of test-retest scores Change in mean score between repeated trials Measures reliability Smallest worthwhile change (SWC) - Answer: Smallest change in a metric for athlete that is likely to be of practical importance Also called Minimal Difference (MD) "Unclear" magnitude of change in CV% and SWC - Answer: potential for change to be simultaneously positive and negative "Trivial" magnitude of change in CV% and SWC - Answer: change is too small to be practically important "Positive or negative" magnitude of change in CV% and SWC - Answer: change exceeds CV% and SWC in one direction or other Goal of quantifying internal and external load of training/competition - Answer: Optimize stimulus applied to athlete