Biology EOC study guide questions with
Correct Answers
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) Covalent
bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more
electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite
charges) are the strongest bonds that can form between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the
bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances in which the
molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? A solvent is a substance in which
a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to
make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? Polarity involves a
substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative end. Water is an example!
Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water molecules.
,What are organic compounds? An organic compounds is any compounds that contains
carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? ATP provides and stores energy for
many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides), galactose,
disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a
1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? Proteins are polymers of amino acid that
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are catalysts (remain unchanged
during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells and break down
certain substances. They speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
What is a positive test for starch? Sugar? What indicator gives that response? A positive
test for starch is a change in the appearance of iodine. Iodine turns black. Sugar is the change in
the appearance of Benedict's solution- goes from blue to orange.
, What is a positive test for lipids? What indicator gives that response? A positive test for
lipids is clear spots on brown paper. (Think grease spots on your Fast Food bags!) Sudan IV- dark
red to orange!
What is a positive test for proteins? What indicator gives that response? A positive test
for proteins is a change in the Biuret reagent. It turns a blue color to a purple color when
positive for proteins. Proteins include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Monomers are
amino acid.
What are lipids? Give an example of a lipid. Lipids are made mostly from hydrogen and
carbon atoms (consist of glycerol and fatty acids) and can be used to store energy. Examples:
Oils. Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Monomers are nucleotides.
Describe a prokaryotic cell in comparison to a eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells do not
contain a nuclei or other organelles, except cell membranes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
(example:bacteria). Eukaryotic cells are much more complex, and they do contain a nucleus and
organelles. (example:animals).
Correct Answers
Describe the different types of atomic bonding (covalent, ionic, hydrogen) Covalent
bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more
electrons are transferred (lost or gained) from one atom to another. Hydrogen bonds (opposite
charges) are the strongest bonds that can form between MOLECULES. Hydrogen bonds are the
bonds present in a DNA molecule.
What are solutions? Solutions are a mixture of two or more substances in which the
molecules of the substances are evenly distributed. Ex: Salt Water
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute? A solvent is a substance in which
a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to
make a solution.
What does "polarity" mean in regards to the properties of water? Polarity involves a
substance that has a distinct positive end and a distinct negative end. Water is an example!
Because it is polar, water molecules attract to other water molecules.
,What are organic compounds? An organic compounds is any compounds that contains
carbon. Organic chemistry is the study of these compounds.
What is the main function of ATP? How is ATP made? ATP provides and stores energy for
many cellular processes. ATP is made when a single phosphorus is added to ADP.
What are three carbohydrates? Glucose, fructose(monosaccharides), galactose,
disaccharides, and glycogen (polysaccharides). Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a
1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosarccharides.
What are the role of proteins and enzymes? Proteins are polymers of amino acid that
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process. Enzymes are catalysts (remain unchanged
during the reaction) that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells and break down
certain substances. They speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
What is a positive test for starch? Sugar? What indicator gives that response? A positive
test for starch is a change in the appearance of iodine. Iodine turns black. Sugar is the change in
the appearance of Benedict's solution- goes from blue to orange.
, What is a positive test for lipids? What indicator gives that response? A positive test for
lipids is clear spots on brown paper. (Think grease spots on your Fast Food bags!) Sudan IV- dark
red to orange!
What is a positive test for proteins? What indicator gives that response? A positive test
for proteins is a change in the Biuret reagent. It turns a blue color to a purple color when
positive for proteins. Proteins include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Monomers are
amino acid.
What are lipids? Give an example of a lipid. Lipids are made mostly from hydrogen and
carbon atoms (consist of glycerol and fatty acids) and can be used to store energy. Examples:
Oils. Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Monomers are nucleotides.
Describe a prokaryotic cell in comparison to a eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells do not
contain a nuclei or other organelles, except cell membranes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
(example:bacteria). Eukaryotic cells are much more complex, and they do contain a nucleus and
organelles. (example:animals).
